tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22555261886380105832024-03-13T09:08:50.414-07:00MLA essay writingJanehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06630794023674100109noreply@blogger.comBlogger230125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2255526188638010583.post-32720212327970961402020-08-24T18:38:00.001-07:002020-08-24T18:38:09.147-07:00Jesus and the Dignity of WomenFrom the earliest starting point of Christââ¬â¢s crucial, show to him and to his puzzle a unique affectability which is normal for their womanliness. It should likewise be said this is particularly confirmedâ⬠¦ at the Cross as well as at the beginning of the Resurrection. The ladies are the first at the burial place. They are the first to think that its unfilled. They are the first to hear: ââ¬Å"He isn't here. He has ascended, as he saidâ⬠â⬠¦ They are likewise the first to be called to declare this reality to the Apostles. Imprint reports that at the hour of the execution of Jesus all his male followers had fled. In any case, there were a few ladies viewing from a separation. Among them were Mary Magdala, Mary who was the mother of James the more youthful and Joses, and Salome. These used to tail him and take care of him when he was in Galilee. What's more, numerous other ladies were there who had come up to Jerusalem with him (Mark 15: 40). Here Mark utilizes a similar articulation for ââ¬Å"followingâ⬠Jesus as he does on account of the devotees. Ladies were educates similarly as men. That was new for the universe of the time. In the hover of Jesusââ¬â¢ followers ladies were on a similar balance. What moved Jesus to accumulate ladies around him similarly as men? Obviously as a man he had no feelings of dread about coming into contact with ladies. All the Gospels report that it was the ladies who had continued on by Jesusââ¬â¢ cross. The lady ââ¬Å"who had a progression of bloodâ⬠(cf. Mk 5:25-34), who couldn't contact anybody since it was accepted that her touch would make an individual ââ¬Å"impureâ⬠. Every one of them was mended, and the last-referenced â⬠the one with a progression of blood, who contacted Jesusââ¬â¢ piece of clothing ââ¬Å"in the crowdâ⬠(Mk 5:27) â⬠was commended by him for her incredible confidence: ââ¬Å"Your confidence has made you wellâ⬠(Mk 5:34). The Gospel of St. Luke gives extraordinary consideration to Jesusââ¬â¢ relationship with ladies. He tells how Jesus on his wanderings was joined by the twelve as well as byâ⬠certain ladies whom he had restored of shrewdness spirits and infirmities: Mary Magdalene, from whom seven evil presences had gone out, Joanna the spouse of Herodââ¬â¢s steward Chuza. Susanna and numerous others. They accommodated Jesus and his supporters out of their own assets ââ¬Å"(Luke 8: 2). So when Jesus was meandering around the nation, there were consistently ladies around him with whom he had an individual relationship. He had recuperated them, contacted them, raised them up, and liberated them from evil spirits, I. e. from examples of life which limited them, from demonizing and denouncing themselves. He had reestablished their pride as ladies. Furthermore, these ladies werenââ¬â¢t just beneficiaries: they likewise offered something to Jesus consequently. They served him with their assets, yet additionally with their abilities, with the internal and external endowments available to them. The Greek word forâ⬠serve ââ¬Å"really implies serving at table. The ladies served at table, they served life. They excited life in Jesus and his devotees. They made a circle in which life could prosper. In the place of the sisters Mary and Martha, who have offered accommodation to Jesus (Luke 10: 38 â⬠42), Mary is sitting at Jesusââ¬â¢ feet. The expression used to portray this stance is one ordinarily utilized of teaching. It is correspondingly said of Paul that he had sat under Gamaliel and had been told in the law of the Lord (Acts 22: 3). So this lady is the same amount of a devotee as different supporters of Jesus. Though Martha serves Jesus and his supporters at table, Mary just stays there and tunes in to Jesus and reveals to him that he ought to request that Mary help her. However, Jesus favors one side with Mary. She has picked the great part, which won't be detracted from her. The scene wherein Luke depicts Martha shows how open Jesus was in his dealings with ladies. He guarantees their accommodation, however he additionally pays attention to them as devotees. He teaches Mary in what makes a difference most to her. Furthermore, he participates in the conflict between the two sisters without harming one of them and without permitting himself to be taken over by the other. He makes an understood stand, however so that neither one of the feels despised. One more scene in the Gospel of Luke appears to me significant in revealing insight into Jesusââ¬â¢ relations with ladies. The holy messenger by the burial chamber says to the ladies who are to be the main observers of the restoration, ââ¬Å"Remember what he said to you when he was still in Galileeâ⬠( Luke 24: 6). For the heavenly attendants, the ladies are observers not exclusively to the restoration yet in addition to the words which Jesus has addressed them. Jesus broadcasted his lessons not exclusively to male trains yet in addition to female followers. They demonstrate the veracity of his instructing on an equivalent balance. They hand on his words. They review these words and keep them in their recollections. What's more, similarly as with Mary, these colloquialisms go all around in their psyches, infiltrating into them increasingly more profoundly. So the understanding of the message of Jesus isnââ¬â¢t simply given by the men, yet to an equivalent degree by ladies. At the point when Luke portrays a scene with a man as the central character, it is quickly trailed by another with a lady in the fundamental job. An anecdote about a lady is set up to contend with an illustration about a man. Luke accepts that he can talk appropriately about people simultaneously. Tragically the congregation didnââ¬â¢t reach any determinations from this. For a really long time, just men deciphered the message of Jesus. The most profound fellowship with a lady is what partners Jesus with Mary of Magdala. Jesus drove seven evil spirits out of Mary Magdalene. She owed him her life. At the point when Jesus kicked the bucket, her reality crumbled. In any case, her adoration outlived demise. Her experience with the risen Christ is another start for her biography. At the point when she saw him, sheââ¬â¢s totally changed, and says to him, ââ¬Å"Rabboniâ⬠(My Master) (John 10:16). Throughout the entire existence of Christianity numerous ladies have lived as companions of Jesus like Teresa of Avila and Hildegard of Bingen. Jesus of Nazareth affirms this nobility, reviews it, restores it, and makes it a piece of the Gospel and of the Redemption for which he is sent into the world. Each word and motion of Christ about ladies should consequently be brought into the element of the Paschal Mystery. Along these lines everything is totally clarified. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06630794023674100109noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2255526188638010583.post-73924801928209283152020-08-22T01:56:00.001-07:002020-08-22T01:56:15.288-07:00English Renaissance Poetry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 wordsEnglish Renaissance Poetry - Essay Example The association among workmanship and nature in English verse had started and later thrived during the Romantic Period, particularly with writers like Wordsworth, Shelly, Keats, Byron, Blake and Clare. As indicated by Ross, the prior Renaissance, exemplified by the peaceful artists Sidney, Spencer and Breton, would in general consider nature to be a standard, craftsmanship as a defilement (Richard Ross' investigation of Herrick, E. in C, XV, 1965, 171-180)1. In any case, Taylor presumes that 'both Nature and Art were important to any exact, total perspective on the world'. Nature needs the support of man's specialty. In sixteenth century, word 'workmanship' had a critical feeling of 'bogus or fake impersonation.' While portraying Temple of Venus, Spencer considers craftsmanship to be nature as working partners2: The amalgamation of craftsmanship and nature is existent all through, however no place it is more clear than in Book VI. Sidney is another artist/essayist who made an incredible commitment toward this path, as conceded by numerous researchers throughout the years. Sidney praises writer's capacity in reexamining the nature. It was a tranquil period in history when there were no wars, expressions were prospering and normal environment was immaculate by man, individuals were acceptable and just and writing was simply rising out old enough worn clichs. Individuals in country zones actually lived upheld by Nature, and these artists were on top of them, which can be seen by the agreeable sonnet The Garden of Marvell. The most per SPENCER AND THE FAIRIE QUEENE: The absolute best way workmanship could impersonate nature, is appeared by Spencer's works. This English epic sonnet of Spencer distributed in 1590 out of three books, was a symbolic work applauding Queen Elizabeth I. In acquainting peaceful realm with English writing, Spencer appears to have followed the strides of Homer and Virgil (Eclogues). Truly, all Renaissance humanists followed Virgil's strides in their reverence of nature, and joined it in different types of expressions. Sidney said Peaceful was believed to be the humblest kind of verse (p.943), and Spencer would have liked to be the new peaceful Virgil of Renaissance. Peaceful verse presents a hopeful image of country life, where Nature and Art join together to make an Utopia or Shangri-la. These writers demonstrated tremendous comprehension and empathy towards Nature and Art both. Generally it is the consequence of humanist training and love for nature, which later reflected in the poetics of William Wordsworth. It has love, enticement, passing, grieving, nature's ever-stroking and relieving nearness, and the craftsmanship that stems out of emulating the nature. Spencer's perspective on nature is constantly considered to have contained 'logical inconsistency'. In the eighth canto of the fourth book, Spencer gives purposes behind the rot of nature, while saying the world 'has runne very out of square'..the glorious bodies wander aimlessly, even the sun it is dreaded, in time, will us very neglect. Spencer later gives a progressively agreeable image of the nature: In sort as they were shaped aunciently; And everything will diminish unto uniformity. (V.ii.32). In later days, peaceful verse was fortified by the compelling Shakespeare, while the early Renaissance writers just oversaw Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06630794023674100109noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2255526188638010583.post-70608270267711484982020-07-23T09:07:00.001-07:002020-07-23T09:07:02.421-07:00Who is this Selim guy COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions BlogWho is this Selim guy COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Selim Can Sazak MIA ISP 2015 Currently, I am working towards my Masterâs degree in International Affairs in the School of International and Public Affairs, specializing on International Security Policy and the Middle East. I am a Fulbright scholar, the co-chairperson of the Schools Defense and Security Student Organization and a member of the 2014-2015 class of Columbia Universityâs International Fellows Program, a two-semester seminar on the U.Sâs role in world affairs that admits only 30 students from all graduate programs on the basis of academic merit. I also received SIPAâs Dasturdaza Jal Pavry Award awarded to the best graduate paper on the topic of international peace and understanding with a paper proposing a political argument and legal basis for the use of frozen assets by the UNSC to fund humanitarian assistance in complex refugee emergencies based on Article VII provisions. Alongside my studies, I am a regular blogger for Christian Science Monitors new blog on cyber security and I am contribu ting to media outlets like The National Interest, the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists and Hurriyet Daily News. I received my bachelors degree in philosophy from Bilkent University in Ankara, Turkey. After graduating, I spent two years working for a NATO research center on terrorism and counter-terrorism and an international NGO, Pugwash Conferences of Science and World Affairs, the laureate of the 1995 Nobel Peace Prize. While working for NATO, my duties included briefing senior military commanders in the Turkish General Staff and organizing training programs for mid-level NATO officers under the supervision of the Centers academic advisor and required wide-ranging knowledge on the nature, structure and history of religious, separatist and revolutionary terrorist organizations active in the Middle East as well as domestic terrorist groups and emerging threats like cyber-terrorism. In my later work for Pugwash Conferences, I also gained experience in the field; participating in conflict resolution and multitrack diplomacy efforts in Iran, Afghanistan, Kashmir, Syria, Palestine and Nagorno-Karabakh. I was the government liaison in the team that put together Pugwashâs Biennial Conference held in Istanbul, which hosted the President of Turkey, H.E. Abdullah Gul and Foreign Ministers of Iran and Turkey, H.E. Javad Zarif and H.E. Ahmet Davutoglu and a junior staffer in the informal meetings Pugwash had organized with high-level Iranian officials on Irans nuclear program. I was also an adviser in the team that devised Turkeyâs policy on conventional arms control during 2013 OSCE Security Review Conference. After SIPA, I hope to be a scholar and a practitioner; talking, thinking, teaching and working to promote a more egalitarian and more peaceful international order. I am applying to several Ph.D. programs, including Columbia and I hope that I will be around Morningside Heights for a few more years to come. I am also involved in ongoing diplomatic projects, including an effort for an international cyber-security treaty. I believe in change, in the responsibility to making right what you see wrong. I see many wrongs in our world, and I feel responsible for making them right, wherever I can. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06630794023674100109noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2255526188638010583.post-90477182900197155972020-05-22T04:10:00.001-07:002020-05-22T04:10:04.900-07:00Homer s Iliad A Wealth Of Contradiction And Manipulation ILIAD Homerââ¬â¢s Iliad is a wealth of contradiction and manipulation. The epic tale serves as a lesson in human nature and desire. It follows the journey of those involved in the Trojan War. Homer paints the arrogance and humility of man and God in the same manner. This concept is best illustrated through the many speeches found in the epic poem. Time and again, the cast of characters drive home their own desires and beliefs. Each individual is imploring their compatriots and enemies toward their desired goals which become evident in their choice of words. In an epic poem such as this, it is almost impossible to narrow down the choice of favored speeches. The first character of choice is Nestor. His wise and advisory role is best seen in his speech in Iliad 11. In his words to Patroklos, Nestor is a soldier. He falls into a limbo between the young manââ¬â¢s need for the heat of battle and the elder manââ¬â¢s reminiscence of what that battle really entails. It is a profound peek into a world weary man who still hasnââ¬â¢t decided what side heââ¬â¢s chosen. Nestor is his own champion. Throughout the Iliad, he delivers useful advice sandwiched between reminders of his own success and attributes. In Iliad 11, Nestor is the pivotal presence in changing the tide. Achilles has been sidelined through much of the battle. By his own choice, Achilles has changed the tide of the war. With this one speech, Nestor all but guarantees Achilles compliance. In this speech he uses his reputation to encourage Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06630794023674100109noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2255526188638010583.post-84994042848313806152020-05-07T00:18:00.001-07:002020-05-07T00:18:12.652-07:00The Roles of Cultural Belief Systems in Respects to Theme... Pedro Paramo is a novel that cannot be fully understood without consideration of its rich cultural background. It is this Mexican background, which informs so much of the novel, providing the main conflict. The narrator of the tale remarks ââ¬Å"some villages have the smell of misfortuneâ⬠while describing the locale of Pedro Parà ¡mo, the small Mexican town of Comala where the story plays out on many levels (83). On the surface level, this story is merely about a tyranical man who ruins his hometown of Comala. But in reality he does much more than that, his presence detroys the town completely, driving everyone out and converting the town to a type of purgatory. This deeper harm that he causes, by damning the rest of his townsmen is the evilâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬Å"ââ¬ËI would walk into town to see what the uproar was about, and this is what I would see: just what weââ¬â¢re seing now. Nothing. No one. The streets as empty as they are nowâ⬠(41). The st reets are always empty in Comala. It has been left completely to ruin and is now inhabited only by the spirits of those who once lived here. But even spirits must have a reason for staying and not going on to heaven? In following with the Catholic faith, the people of Comala must wait in purgatory, the ââ¬Å"ââ¬ËRefuge of Sinnersââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬ until they have repaid the sins they have committed (16). The town is a hotbed of sinning, the very ââ¬Å"image of damnationâ⬠, it is said ââ¬Å"ââ¬ËThat town sits on the coals of the earth, at the very mouth of hell. They say that when people from there die and go to hell, they come back for a blanketââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬ (52, 6). The instances in which people are actually able to get out are few and far between, as seen by the quote ââ¬Å"ââ¬Ëtheyââ¬â¢ve gone so far that itââ¬â¢s easier not to come back. Heââ¬â¢s been trying and trying to leave, and I think this is the timeââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬ (56). This is owing to the abje ct poverty of the town, leaving people unable to pay their tithes in order to make it to heaven. These poor soulds are not even kept in remembrance, so they may never reach heaven. As their descendants remark ââ¬Å"ââ¬Ëwe donââ¬â¢t even make the effort to pray for them anymore, to help them out of their purgatoryââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬ (52). Pedro Pà ¡ramo is a novel with a distinctly Catholic conflict, namely, the journey from Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06630794023674100109noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2255526188638010583.post-86742418729872549112020-05-06T09:14:00.001-07:002020-05-06T09:14:50.146-07:00The Impact of Wach Tv Children Free Essays string(65) " other risky behaviors in the shows and movies they watch on TV\." Title: -The Impact of watchingTelevision for Children The Case of Children watching Television in Ethiopia Chapter One 1. Introduction 1. 1 Back Ground Television (TV) has its good side. We will write a custom essay sample on The Impact of Wach Tv Children or any similar topic only for you Order Now It can be entertaining and educational, and can open up new worlds for kids, giving them a chance to travel the globe, learn about different cultures, and gain exposure to ideas they may never encounter in their own community. Shows with a prosaically message can have a positive effect on kidsââ¬â¢ behavior; programs with positive role models can influence viewers to make positive lifestyle changes. However, the reverse can also be true:à Kids are likely to learn things from TV that parents donââ¬â¢t want them to learn. TV can affect kidsââ¬â¢ health, behavior and family life in negative ways. Whether good or bad, television has found its way into the lives of people all over the world and it an important part of life for many. Some consider it to be a great invention while others say that it harms people and society. Here is a summary of those thoughts. Television is often the main or only source of information about current events and biased or inadequate reporting can deliver inaccurate or misleading information and opinion. Ethiopian Television was established in 1964 with assistance from the British firm, Thomson. It was created to highlight the Organization of African Unity (OAU) meeting that took place in Addis Ababa that same year. Color television broadcast began in 1982 in commemoration of the founding of Workersââ¬â¢ Party of Ethiopia (WPE). The current structure and goals of ETV were established 1987 with Proclamation This research may see general and specific area of in Addis Ababa, children see television that its impact. The television and channel clients are increasing every day around the city so, we need to the advantage and disadvantages in the children see tv. 1. 2 Statement of the Problem In recent years, TV, video and DVD programs have come on the marketââ¬âand now even a cable channel for children. We donââ¬â¢t know yet what effect TV-viewing by children may have on their development. We do know that time spent watching TV replaces time spent interacting with caregivers and other children. Social interaction is critical to a childââ¬â¢s healthy affected. A great deal is known about children and television, because there have been thousands of studies on the subject. Research has studied how TV affects kidsââ¬â¢ sleep, weight, grades, behavior, and more. Spending time watching TV can take time away from healthy activities like active play outside with friends, eating dinner together as a family, or reading. TV time also takes away from participating in sports, music, art or other activities that require practice to become skillful. Children can be exposed to programming that is not appropriate for their age. Adult themes of sex and violence are far too easily accessed and they destroy the innocence of children. Adults frequently spend many hours each day watching television to the detriment of work or family life. 1. 3 Objectives This research goal to show the impact of watching TV children among the cultural, society and school life in Addis Ababa. To show the problem and recommend the way of protecting and minimizing the problem through awareness of the research. How big a presence is TV in kidsââ¬â¢ lives? * TV viewing among kids is at an eight-year high. On average, children ages 2-5 spend 32 hours a week in front of a TVââ¬âwatching television, DVDs, DVR and videos, and using a game console. Kids ages 6-11 spend about 28 hours a week in front of the TV. The vast majority of this viewing (97%) is of live TV [1]. * 71% of 8- to 18-year-olds have a TV in their bedroom [1a]; 54% have a DVD/VCR player, 37% have cable/satellite TV, and 20% have premium channels [2]. * Media technology now offers more ways to access TV content, such as on the Internet, cell phones and iPods. This has led to an increase in time spent viewing TV, even as TV-set viewing has declined. 41% of TV-viewing is now online, time-shifted, DVD or mobile [2a]. * In about two-thirds of households, the TV is ââ¬Å"usuallyâ⬠on during meals [3]. * In 53% of households of 7th- to 12th-graders, there are no rules about TV watching [4]. * In 51% of households, the TV is on ââ¬Å"mostâ⬠of the time [5]. * Kids with a TV in their bedroom spend an average of almost 1. 5 hours more per day watching TV than kids without a TV in the bedroom. * Many parents encourage their toddlers to watch television. Find out more about TV in the lives of children ages zero to six. * Find out more about media in the lives of 8- to 18-year olds. As you can see, if your child is typical, TV is playing a very big role in their life. Here are some key research findings to keep in mind as you decide what kind of role you want TV to play in your family: * TV viewing is probably replacing activities in your childââ¬â¢ s life that you would rather have them do (things like playing with friends [6] , being physically active, getting fresh air, reading, playing imaginatively, doing homework [7], doing chores). Kids who spend more time watching TV (both with and without parents and siblings present) spend less time interacting with family members. [8] * Excessive TV viewing can contribute to poor grades [8a], sleep problems, behavior problems, obesity, and risky behavior. * Most childrenââ¬â¢s programming does not teach what parents say they want their children to learn; many shows are filled with stereotypes, violent solutions to problems, and mean behavior. * Advertisers target kids, and on average, children see tens of thousands of TV commercials each year [9]. This includes many ads for unhealthy snack foods and drinks. Children and youth see, on average, about 2,000 beer and wine ads on TV each year [10]. * Kids see favorite characters smoking, drinking, and involved in sexual situations and other risky behaviors in the shows and movies they watch on TV. You read "The Impact of Wach Tv Children" in category "Essay examples" * More on how television viewing affects children. * For more detailed information on these and other issues, read on. Does TV affect childrenââ¬â¢s brain development? With television programsââ¬âand even a cable channelââ¬âdesigned and marketed specifically for babies, whether kids under two years of age should be watching becomes an important question. While we are learning more all the time about early brain development, we do not yet have a clear idea how television may affect it. Some studies link early TV viewing with later attention problems, such as ADHD. However, other experts disagree with these results. One study found that TV viewing before age three slightly hurt several measures of later cognitive development, but that between ages three and five it slightly helped reading scores [11]. The American Academy of Pediatrics takes a ââ¬Å"better-safe-than-sorryâ⬠stance on TV for young children [12]. It may be tempting to put your infant or toddler in front of the television, especially to watch shows created just for children under age two. But the American Academy of Pediatrics says: Donââ¬â¢t do it! These early years are crucial in a childââ¬â¢s development. The Academy is concerned about the impact of television programming intended for children younger than age two and how it could affect your childââ¬â¢s development. Pediatricians strongly oppose targeted programming, especially when itââ¬â¢s used to market toys, games, dolls, unhealthy food and other products to toddlers. Any positive effect of television on infants and toddlers is still open to question, but the benefits of parent-child interactions are proven. Under age two, talking, singing, reading, listening to music or playing are far more important to a childââ¬â¢s development than any TV show. â⬠In addition, TV can discourage and replace reading. Reading requires much more thinking than television, and we know that reading fosters young peopleââ¬â¢s healthy brain development. Kids from families that have the TV on a lot spend less time reading and being read to, and are less likely to be able to read [13]. What about TV and aggressive or violent behavior? Literally thousands of studies since the 1950s have asked whether there is a link between exposure to media violence and violent behavior. All but 18 have answered, ââ¬Å"Yes. â⬠à à The evidence from the research is overwhelming. According to the AAP, ââ¬Å"Extensive research evidence indicates that media violence can contribute to aggressive behavior, desensitization to violence, nightmares, and fear of being harmed. â⬠[14]à Watching violent shows is also linked with having less empathy toward others [14a]. An average American child will see 200,000 violent acts and 16,000 murders on TV by age 18 [15]. * Two-thirds of all programming contains violence [16]. * Programs designed for children more often contain violence than adult TV [17]. * Most violent acts go unpunished on TV and are often accompanied by humor. The consequences of human suffering and loss are rarely depicted. * Many shows glamorize violence. TV o ften promotes violent acts as a fun and effective way to get what you want, without consequences [18]. Even in G-rated, animated movies and DVDs, violence is commonââ¬âoften as a way for the good characters to solve their problems. Every single U. S. animated feature film produced between 1937à and 1999 contained violence, and the amount of violence with intent to injure has increased over the years [19]. * Even ââ¬Å"good guysâ⬠beating up ââ¬Å"bad guysâ⬠gives a message that violence is normal and okay. Many children will try to be like their ââ¬Å"good guyâ⬠heroes in their play. * Children imitate the violence they see on TV. Children under age eight cannot tell the difference between reality and fantasy, making them more vulnerable to learning from and adopting as reality the violence they see on TV [20]. * Repeated exposure to TV violence makes children less sensitive toward its effects on victims and the human suffering it causes. * A University of Michigan researcher demonstrated that watching violent media can affect willingness to help others in need [20a]. Read about the study here: Comfortably Numb: Desensitizing Effects of Violent Media on Helping Others. Viewing TV violence reduces inhibitions and leads to more aggressive behavior. * Watching television violence can have long-term effects:à * A 15-year-long study by University of Michigan researchers found that the link between childhood TV-violence viewing and aggressive and violent behavior persists into adulthood [21]. * A 17-year-long study found that teenaged boys who grew up watching more TV each day are more likely to commit acts of vi olence than those who watched less [22]. * Even having the TV on in the home is linked to more aggressive behavior in 3-year-olds. This was regardless of the type of programming and regardless of whether the child was actually watching the TV [23]. What parents can do: * According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, media education can help kids become less susceptible to the bad effects of watching violent TV. Some studies have shown that kids who received media education had less violent behavior after watching violent programs. Teach your kids to be media savvy. Find out more about media literacy. * Watch with your kids, so if the programming turns violent, you can discuss what happened to put it in a context you want your kids to learn. Know what your kids are watching. Decide what programs are appropriate for their age and personality, and stick to your rules. * To minimize peer pressure to watch violent shows, you may want to talk to the parents of your childââ¬â¢s friends and agree to similar rules. * Visit YourChild:à Managing Television:à Tips for Your Family for more ideas. For more on TV v iolence and kids: * Key Facts: TV Violenceââ¬âa report from the Kaiser Family Foundation. * A 1993 summary of some of the research on TV violence and behavior. * Television Violence:à Content, Context, and Consequences. The National Television Violence Study (NTVS). * Television Violence:à A Review of the Effects on Children of Different Agesââ¬âa 1995 70-page report and review of the literature. * Violence in the Mediaââ¬âPsychologists Help Protect Children from Harmful Effects: Decades of psychological research confirms that media violence can increase aggression. * Comfortably Numb: Desensitizing Effects of Violent Media on Helping Othersââ¬âThis study by a University of Michigan researcher demonstrates that watching violent media can affect willingness to help others in need. Joint Statement on the Impact of Entertainment Violence on Children:à Congressional Public Health Summitââ¬âa statement of the American Academy of Pediatrics, American. Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry, American Psychological Association, American Medical Association, American Academy of Family Physicians, American Psychiatric Association. Can TV scare or traumatize kids? Children can come to view the world as a mean and scary place when they take violence and other disturbing themes on TV to be accurate in real life. Symptoms of being frightened or upset by TV stories can include bad dreams, anxious feelings, being afraid of being alone, withdrawing from friends, and missing school. * Fears caused by TV can cause sleep problems in children [24]. * Scary-looking things like grotesque monsters especially frighten children aged two to seven. Telling them that the images arenââ¬â¢t real does not help because kids under age eight canââ¬â¢t always tell the difference between fantasy and reality. * Many children exposed to scary movies regret that they watched because of the intensity of their fright reactions. Children ages 8-12 years who view viol ence are often frightened that they may be a victim of violence or a natural disaster. * Violent threats shown on TV can cause school-aged kids (8-12) to feel fright and worry. When the threat is shown as news it creates stronger fears than when it is shown as fictional [25]. How does watching television affect performance in school? * TV viewing may replace activities that we know help with school performance, such as reading, doing homework, pursuing hobbies, and getting enough sleep. * One research study found that TVââ¬â¢s effects on education were long term. The study found that watching TV as a child affected educational achievement at age 26. Watching more TV in childhood increased chances of dropping out of school and decreased chances of getting a college degree, even after controlling for confounding factors [26]. * Watching TV at age four was one factor found to be associated with bullying in grade school [27]. Can TV influence childrenââ¬â¢s attitudes toward themselves and others? Letââ¬â¢s take a look at what kids see on TV, and how it can affect their beliefs about race and gender: * Children learn to accept the stereotypes represented on television. After all, they see them over and over. * When non-whites are shown on TV, they tend to be stereotyped. * A review of the research on gender bias shows that the gender-biased and gender-stereotyped behaviors and attitudes that kids see on television do affect how they see male and female roles in our society. * Television and movies do not often show Asians or Asian Americans, and when they do, they fail to show the diversity in Asian American culture [28]. * Thin women are disproportionately represented on TV. The heavier a female character, the more negative comments were made about her [29]. * In 1990ââ¬â¢s commercials, white men more often were depicted as strong, while white women were shown as sex objects. African American men more often were portrayed as aggressive and African American women, as inconsequential [30]. * Ads for household items, like cleaning products, usually feature women [31]. * G-rated movies are commonly viewed by younger childrenââ¬âoften over and over on DVD, and perceived by parents as safe for little kids. However, in these movies, whether live action or animated, males are shown more than females, by three to one, they are not often shown in relationships, and do not solve problems peacefully [32]. * In G-movies, characters of color are under-represented, and are usually shown as sidekicks, comic relief, or bad guys. Male characters of color are more aggressive and isolated [33]. * Music videos over-represent black males as aggressors, and white females as victims, compared to actual demographic data [34]. To learn more, visit the Center for Media Literacyââ¬â¢s page on Stereotyping and Representation How are children portrayed on TV? A study by a group called Children NOW of how children are shown on local TV news, found that [35]: * Almost half of all stories about children focus on crime (45%). * Children account for over a quarter of the U. S. population but only 10% of all local news stories. * African American children account for more than half of all stories (61%) involving children of color, followed by Latino children (32%). Asian Pacific American and Native American children are virtually invisible on local news. * African American boys are more likely than any other group to be portrayed as perpetrators of crime and violence whereas Caucasian girls are most likely to be shown as victims. Can TV affect my childââ¬â¢s health? Yes, TV is a public health issue in several different ways. First of all, kids get lots of information about health from TV, much of it from ads. Ads do not generally give true or balanced information about healthy lifestyles and food choices. The majority of children who watch health-related commercials believe what the ads say. Second, watching lots of television can lead to childhood obesity and overweight. Finally, TV can promote risky behavior, such as trying dangerous stunts, substance use and abuse, and irresponsible sexual behavior. Children who watch more TV are more likely to be overweight * University of Michigan researchers found that just being awake and in the room with the TV on more than two hours a day was a risk factor for being overweight at ages three and four-and-a-half. [34]à * The effects can carry on into adult weight problems. Weekend TV viewing in early childhood affects body mass index (BMI), or overweight in adulthood. [35] * University of Michigan researchers and their colleagues who investigated whether diet, physical activity, sedentary behavior or television viewing predicted body mass index (BMI) among 3- to 7-year-old children, found that physical activity and TV viewing are most associated with overweight risk. TV was a bigger factor than diet. Inactivity and TV became stronger predictors as the children aged [36]. * Children who watch TV are more likely to be inactive and tend to snack while watching TV. Many TV ads encourage unhealthy eating habits. Two-thirds of the 20,000 TV ads an average child sees each year are for food and most are for high-sugar foods. After-school TV ads target children with ads for unhealthy foods and beverages, like fast food and sugary drinks [37, 38]. * All television shows, even educational non-commercial shows, replace physical activity in your childââ¬â¢s life . * While watching TV, the metabolic rate seems to go even lower than during rest [39]. This means that a person would burn fewer calories while watching TV than when just sitting quietly, doing nothing. The food and beverage industry targets children with their television marketing, which may include commercials, product placement, and character licensing. Most of the products pushed on kids are high in total calories, sugars, salt, and fat, and low in nutrients [40]. * Children watching Spanish-language TV after school and in the evening see lots of ads for food and drink. Much of it targets kids and most of the ads are for unhealthy foods like sugared drinks and fast food. This advertising may play a role in the high risk of overweight in Latino kids [40a]. Results from recent studies have reported success in reducing excess weight gain in preadolescents by restricting TV viewing [41]. Childhood TV habits are a risk factor for many adult health problems * One study looked at adul ts at age 26, and how much TV they had watched as children. Researchers found that ââ¬Å"17% of overweight, 15% of raised serum cholesterol, 17% of smoking, and 15% of poor fitness can be attributed to watching television for more than 2 hours a day during childhood and adolescence. â⬠à This was after controlling for confounding variables [42]. Children may attempt to mimic stunts seen on TV Injuries are the leading cause of death in children, and watching unsafe behavior on TV may increase childrenââ¬â¢s risk-taking behavior. * Kids have been injured trying to repeat dangerous stunts they have seen on television shows. * Many kids watch TV sporting events. Researchers surveyed TV sports event ads to assess what kids might be seeing. Almost half of all commercial breaks during sporting events contained at least one ad that showed unsafe behavior or violence [43]. Watching TV can cause sleep problems * Television viewing is associated with altered sleep patterns and sleep disorders among children and adolescents. Regular sleep schedules are an important part of healthy sleep. A recent study found that infants and toddlers who watch TV have more irregular sleep schedules. More research is needed to find out whether the TV viewing is the cause [44]. * Those sleep disturbances may persist. Teens who watched three or more hours of TV per day had higher risk of sleep problems by early adulthood [45]. * Find out more in this research brief from the Kaiser Family Foundation: Childrenââ¬â¢s Media Use and Sleep Problems: Issues and Unanswered Questions. TV viewing may promote alcohol use The presence of alcohol on TV runs the gamut from drinking or talking about drinking on prime-time shows, to beer ads, to logos displayed at sporting events. * Many studies have shown that alcoholic drinks are the most common beverage portrayed on TV, and that they are almost never shown in a negative light. * Recent studies have shown that exposure to drinking in movies increases the likelihood that viewers themselves will have positive thoughts about drinking [45a]. * Alcohol has damaging effects on young peopleââ¬â¢s developing brainsââ¬âand the damage can be permanent. TV ads are a major factor in normalizing alcohol use in the minds of children, adolescents and college students [46]. * Ads for alcohol portray people as being happier, sexier, and more successful when they drink. Alcohol advertising, including TV ads, contributes to an increase in drinking among youth [47]. * Television ads for alcohol, such as ââ¬Å"alcopop,â⬠which combine the sweet taste of soda pop in a liquor-branded malt beverage, may target youth, especially girls and Hispanic and African American kids [47a]. The Center on Alcohol Marketing and Youth (CAMY) at Georgetown University found that in 2003, the top 15 prime time programs most popular with teens all had alcohol ads [48]. * Alcohol is increasingly advertised during programs that young people are more likely to watch than people of legal drinking age [49]. Kids who watch TV are more likely to smoke * Even though tobacco ads are banned on TV, young people still see people smoking on programs and movies shown on t elevision. The tobacco industry uses product placement in films. Smoking in movies increased throughout the 1990s [50] . * Internal tobacco industry documents show that the tobacco industry purposefully markets their product to youth. The industry uses subtle strategies like logos at sporting events, product placement, and celebrities smoking to get around the ban on TV advertising for their products [51] . * Kids who watch more TV start smoking at an earlier age. The relationship between television viewing and age of starting smoking was stronger than that of peer smoking, parental smoking, and gender [52]. Recent research has shown that exposure to smoking in movie characters increases the likelihood that viewers will associate themselves with smoking [52a]. * Find out more about kids and tobacco. Kids get lots of information about sexuality from television * Most parents donââ¬â¢t talk to their kids about sex and relationships, birth control and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Most schools do not offer complete sex education programs. So kids get much of their information about sex from TV. * Kids are probably not learning what their parents would like them to learn about sex from TV. * Sexual content is a real presence on TV. Soap operas, music videos, prime time shows and advertisements all contain lots of sexual content, but usually nothing about contraception or safer sex. * The number of sex scenes on TV has nearly doubled since 1998, with 70% of the top 20 most-watched shows by teens including sexual content [53]. Fifteen percent of scenes with sexual intercourse depict characters that have just met having sex. Of the shows with sexual content, an average of five scenes per hour involves sex. * Watching sex on TV increases the chances a teen will have sex, and may cause teens to start having sex at younger ages. Even viewing shows with characters talking about sex increases the likelihood of sexual initiation [54]. (Read more about this study. ) * Watching sexual content on TV is linked to becoming pregnant or being responsible for a pregnancy. Researchers found that even after controlling for other risk factors, the chance of teen pregnancy went up with more exposure to sex on television [55]. * On the flip side, TV has the potential to both educate teens, and foster discussion with parents. Watch with your kids, and use the sexual content on TV as a jumping-off point to talk with your teen about sex, responsible behavior and safety. To find out more, read: * The American Academy of Pediatricsââ¬â¢ (AAP) Parent Page on Sex, the Media and Your Child * The AAPââ¬â¢ s policy statement on Sexuality, Contraception and the Media How can I find out more about kids and TV? Here are some websites with helpful information: * The Smart Parentââ¬â¢s Guide to Kidââ¬â¢s TVââ¬âfrom the AAP . * Guia para Ver la Television en Familia, a Spanish publication from the Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC). * Guidelines for Rating Childrenââ¬â¢s Television, a guideline from PBS Ready To Learn. * Pautas para la evaluacion de los programas de television para ninos, the above guideline, in Spanish. Special issues for young children (2-11 years) and Special issues for teens address some developmental issues. * Talking with kids about the newsââ¬â10 tips for parents. * The Federal Communication Commissionââ¬â¢s (FCC) page on childrenââ¬â¢s educational TV. Visit these related topics on YourChild: * Managing Television: Tips for Your Family * Media and Media Literacy * Video Games * The Internet * Obesity * Sleep Problems * Reading What are some organizations that work on issues around kids and TV? * The Center for Media Literacy believes in empowerment through educationââ¬âthat kids need to learn how to think critically about TV and other media. Media A wareness Network is a Canadian group with a wealth of information for parents. * The Center for Screentime Awareness sponsors National TV Turn-Off Week each year. Future TV Turn-Off Weeks are in Spring and Fall: April 19-25, 2010 September 19-25, 2010. TV-Turnoff Week is supported by over 70 national organizations including the American Medical Association, American Academy of Pediatrics, National Education Association, and Presidentââ¬â¢s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports. References Written and compiled by Kyla Boyse, RN. Reviewed by Brad Bushman, PhD How to cite The Impact of Wach Tv Children, Essay examples Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06630794023674100109noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2255526188638010583.post-36913576431900581842020-04-27T05:06:00.001-07:002020-04-27T05:06:02.571-07:00The question of what constitutes a h ealthy person Essays The question of what constitutes a h ealthy person has been debated for many years. Historically, b iomedical models of illness see physical and mental illness as two separate things. According to this model, il lness stems from forces outside of an individual's control and the only source of treatment would be by a healthcare professional, i.e . a doctor. Health psychology is a reasonably new field of psychology that challenges this belief. H ealth psychologists use scientific research to understand how the brain works, t o understand how memory works , problem - solving and decision making. L ooking at how things like attitudes, feelings, thoughts , beliefs, and values cou ld impact on health and illness. The overall goal is to help people to make healthier lifestyle choices. ( Wilson 2008 ). Two of the main goals of health psychology include preventing illness an d researching into the prevention and the inventions of health-related illness. (Barley, Lawson, (2016). Psychologists use science and research to better understand perception, learning, language, attention, memory, problem-solving, decision-making and judgment. The information t hey gather is vital to the preventions of illness ill related behaviours . Using this information and a deep knowledge of mental, emotional, and behavioural disorders, psychologists are also looking at the interaction between mental processes, behaviours and health and apply this to applying healthy interventions . They use research to help people adopt healthy habit s , promote health and wellness, prevent illness, a nd improve health care systems. Health psychology focuses on research, considering questions such us , what makes some people overeat and can attitude 's affect how much people exercise , and could beliefs affect attempts to stop smoking? Health psychology challenges the biomedical model of illness by viewin g attitude as a contribution to health and illness . In contrast to the biomedical model , the individual isn't seen as a passive factor in their health and illness but as an active contributor, with the main role in not only the progression but also the cause of illness . Health psychologi sts work to prevent many different health-related issues such as obesity, boosting self-esteem, preventing an xiety and depression , and try to enhance the quality of life of individuals. (Freedland 2017 ) Health psychologists help people make positive choices for their health and well-being . Not only for themselves but their friends, families, and communities. (Bishop, Yardley, 2010). T he focus of this assignment is the work Health psychologist do in the areas of prevention and promoting healthy life style practices . This includes looking at the influential factors on health behaviours, including diet, exercise, smoking and life style factors. This essay will discuss the different models that are used by health psychologists to explain and predict behaviours. I t will explain how each of these works and discuss if there is enough evidence to suggest they can pr edict behaviour . Health psychologist have the view that an individual's characteristics can have advers e effects on their physical health. Health psychologists work to identify personality traits that could encourage good health or well - being . The most commonly used theory used in health psychology is The Health Belief Model (HBM). (Glanz, Marcus Lewis Rimer, 1997). In the 1950s socia l psychologists Rosenstock, K egals and Hochbaum attempted to predict and explain health behaviours by looking at the beliefs , attitudes , and thoughts of an individual , this b ecame the Health Belief Model . HBM is now used to research into many different health behaviours , including the tran smission of sexual ly transmitted i nfections , such as HIV/AIDS , and considering sexual risk behaviours. (Widman, Noar, Choukas-Bradley, Francis, 2015) . According to the Guide for health promotion practice ( Glanz, Marcus Lewis, Rimer, 1997). Rosenstock added a more recent addition to the HBM in 1988, this was so health psychologists could use the HBM to consider how to challenge habitual unhealthy behaviours, like overeating, sedentary lifestyle , and smoking. The HBM was based on the theory that an individual will make a choice to use a positive health-r elated action , as a preventa tive measure. I f that Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06630794023674100109noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2255526188638010583.post-76794664644197265912020-03-19T07:04:00.001-07:002020-03-19T07:04:02.951-07:00View on Cyberspace essaysView on Cyberspace essays George worked in the Hong Kong office of a large U.S. company. On the 8th of May, at about two o?clock, he received an email that came with an attachment labeledLove-Letter-For-You. The mail seemed innocuous enough that George opened it immediately without thinking. The subject line read,I love you?. George thought,Oh, how nice! I got a love letter.? When he clicked theopen? button, his computer crushed. The attached file on theI-love-you? mail was later verified to carry a highly destructive virus that could infect the world's computers. People named the virus thelove bug?. The night of May 8th, the mail spread overnight around the world and causing billions of dollars in damage. This trouble happened all on the Internet. How exactly does that happen? What kind of power does the Internet have that can destroy the entire world's computer systems? The Internet is a matrix of networks that connects computers around the world. It enables computer networks to make on-line communications. People do research, send and receive e-mails, chat and exchange ideas with others on the Internet. According to Time magazine, as of 1998, the Internet had more than 100 million users worldwide, and that number is growing rapidly. More than 100 countries are linked into exchanges of data, news and opinions. However, the easy access to Internet has also caused us troubles. For example, the love-bug incident brought us global damages. The Internet has certainly made our lives easier than before, and we, the people who live in the Internet Age, need to realize the pros and cons of the Internet-usage regarding the access to various websites and the online communications. So we can wisely have fun on the Internet an d at the same time also be more alert to avoid the Internet-trouble. The most satisfactory part about the Internet is the easy access to unlimited information on websites. The role of Internet is similar t ... Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06630794023674100109noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2255526188638010583.post-15687076701310381162020-03-02T22:48:00.001-08:002020-03-02T22:48:02.650-08:00Leaders of the American RevolutionLeaders of the American Revolution The American Revolution began in 1775 and led to the rapid formation of American armies to oppose the British. While British forces were largely led by professional officers and filled with career soldiers, the American leadership and ranks were filled with individuals drawn from all walks of colonial life. Some American leaders, such as George Washington, possessed extensive service in the militia, while others came directly from civilian life. The American leadership was also supplemented by foreign officers recruited in Europe, though these were of varying quality. During the early years of the conflict, American forces were hampered by poor generals and those who had achieved their rank through political connections. As the war wore on, many of these were replaced as competent and skilled officers emerged. American Revolution Leaders: American Major General William Alexander, Lord Stirling - noted brigade, division, and department commanderLieutenant Colonel Ethan Allen - Commander, Green Mountain Boys during 1775 attack on Fort TiconderogaMajor General Benedict Arnold - noted field commander, famously changed sides in 1780 becoming one of historys best-known traitorsCommodore John Barry - noted naval commanderBrigadier General George Rogers Clark - Conqueror of the Old NorthwestMajor General Horatio Gates - Commander, Northern Department, 1777-1778, Southern Department, 1780Colonel Christopher Greene - Commander at Fort Mercer, Battle of Red BankMajor General Nathanael Greene - Commander, Continental Army in the South (1780-1783)Commodore John Paul Jones - Key American naval commanderMajor General Henry Knox - American artillery commanderMarquis de Lafayette - Noted French volunteer in American serviceMajor General Charles Lee - Controversial American field commanderMajor General Henry Light Horse Harry Lee - noted Americ an cavalry/light infantry commander Major General Benjamin Lincoln - Commander, Southern Department (1778-1780)Brigadier General Francis Marion - The Swamp Fox - Noted guerilla leaderBrigadier General Hugh Mercer - American general killed in 1777Major General Richard Montgomery - Promising American general killed at the Battle of QuebecBrigadier General Daniel Morgan - Key commander at Saratoga and CowpensMajor Samuel Nicholas - Founding Officer, US Marine CorpsBrigadier General Count Casimir Pulaski - Father of the America CavalryMajor General Arthur St. Clair - Commander at Fort Ticonderoga, 1777Major General John Stark - Victor of BenningtonMajor General Baron Friedrich von Steuben - Inspector General, Continental ArmyMajor General John Sullivan - Division Commander (1776-1778), Commander, Rhode Island (1778), Sullivan Expedition (1779)General George Washington - Commander in Chief, Continental ArmyMajor General Anthony Wayne - Daring American commander who saw extensive service American Revolution Leaders - British Major John Andre - British spymasterLieutenant General John Burgoyne - British commander at the Battle of SaratogaGovernor Major General Sir Guy Carleton - British Governor of Quebec (1768-1778, commander-in-chief in America (1782-1783)General Sir Henry Clinton - British commander-in-chief in America (1778-1782)Lieutenant General Lord Charles Cornwallis - British commander in the South, forced to surrender at the Battle of YorktownMajor Patrick Ferguson - inventor of the Ferguson rifle, commander at the Battle of Kings MountainGeneral Thomas Gage - governor of Massachusetts, commander-in-chief in America (1775)Vice Admiral Richard Howe - Commander, North American Station (1776-1778)General Sir William Howe - British commander-in-chief in American (1775-1778)Admiral Lord George Rodney - British naval commanderLieutenant Colonel Banastre Tarleton - noted British cavalry commander Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06630794023674100109noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2255526188638010583.post-41761211106203772502020-02-15T14:14:00.001-08:002020-02-15T14:14:02.748-08:00Ebay Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsEbay - Term Paper Example This enables them to maintain the reputation and goodwill of the customers which in turn increases the number of companies that sell their products through them. Although, online shopping and payment transaction is a tedious process, the company takes measures to ensure that the customer is satisfied with their service. The purpose of this project is to learn the online shopping process. There are various steps that have to be carried out before listing an item in the site and they must be followed on a predefined basis. The concept of research enables the customers and companies to buy and advertise their products on this website. Search option is of great advantage to the buyers since they can search the products they require. To accomplish this, Ebay website provides the customers with an option that filters the search keywords so that the customers can narrow down on their requirement easily instead of searching on the entire list of products. Another option is advanced search in which the users can provide the basic details about the product. This option is popular among the users since it eases the process of identifying required products. Pricing of a product is one of the main features that determine how well a product reaches the customers. Ebay provides the users with an auction option using which the goods can be purchased at a better rate. This auction is performed with the products that have more demands so that the buyer and seller can get mutually benefitted. Though it has certain disadvantages, this is popular among the users. Auctioning is one among the effective options of selling a product. The other formats include fixed price options that enable the users to purchase a product easily with the rate that is directly mentioned and it ensures that product is also sold. Before including any item in the website, effective merchandising must be implemented. This will reduce the Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06630794023674100109noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2255526188638010583.post-27225750442868291772020-02-02T09:27:00.001-08:002020-02-02T09:27:02.639-08:00Polar ice and climate change Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsPolar ice and climate change - Research Paper Example This is especially so with the ever increasing rate of melting attributed to the environmental degradation. For years, scientists have had their eyes set on the worldââ¬â¢s ice shields hoping to monitor changes with the advancements in technological systems. Global temperatures indicated a downward trend in the period from 1940 to 1970, but increased gradually in 1980s. This phenomenon can be attributed to the increase of the amount of sunlight that hits the snow and ice in these regions. As such, various reports have illustrated an accelerated rate of melting raising the sea levels at an alarming state. For instance, a survey done every September to ascertain the area covered by sea ice demonstrates an average decrease at a rate of 8.6% between the years of 1979 and 2007 (Thompson and Kuo, 2012).However, there was a significant loss of sea-ice placed at 24% in the 2007 alone. Various scientists have voiced concerns based on these and current findings that corroborate the eminent danger of melting ice caps and rising sea levels. Extrapolations of existing data suggest that thermal expansion and ice sheet changes will dominate the processes affecting the sea level (Ward, 2003). Similarly, areas that are marginally glaciated are most likely to be ice-free, which will eventually lead to the disappearance of the Polar Regions. ... This is because these gases increase temperature of the atmosphere near the earth and its troposphere; resulting in corresponding changes in climatic conditions. Fundamentally, the dangers associated with global warming are erratic changes in the weather, which are experienced in extremity, causing persistent natural disasters and extinction of species. In essence, the continual warming trend has been broken down to climatic change, which refers to the measurable effects of global warming. These measurable effects refer to shifts in major aspects of the climate that is, rainfall, temperature, snow, and wind patterns. With this differentiation, global warming is identified as a long-term reference of the effects of these shifts in climatic conditions. Notably also, ocean currents are included as an aspect that facilitates the continual warming trend. Currently, environmental degradation is an issue that requires immediate action because of the escalating rate at which it has been occu rring, making it hard for the ecosystem to convalesce. Pollution is considered as the major cause of ozone layer depletion owing to the release of chlorofluorocarbons that rise into the troposphere causing its depletion (Fahey and Hegglin, 2010). Industrial processes and automobiles are responsible for the release and as such, governments have been asked to tax the companies for the emissions. In addition, the destruction of tropical rainforests by logging industries has resulted in destruction of natural habitats of plants and animals, which increases the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The destruction of habitats interferes with photosynthetic organisms that are responsible for carbon-fixing cycle, which seeks to relieve the greenhouse effect. In Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06630794023674100109noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2255526188638010583.post-15119021212621134342020-01-25T05:50:00.001-08:002020-01-25T05:50:03.025-08:00If Only They?d Listened To Pig :: essays research papers If Only Theyââ¬â¢d Listened to Piggy à à à à à Throughout the novel Piggyââ¬â¢s character is used to represent the intellectual side of man and act almost like an adult figure to the boys. There are many things that he does and that Golding says to support this. Three things come to mind that represent his place in the novel; he is a clear thinker, his appearance, and his symbolic losses throughout the book. à à à à à Right off the beginning we see evidence of Piggyââ¬â¢s thinking ability. He realizes the boysââ¬â¢ situation and is thinking about how they are going to survive. He says ââ¬Å"We got to find the others, we got to do something.â⬠We then see indication of his intelligence, he says, ââ¬Å"A conchâ⬠¦he used to blow itâ⬠¦ he kind of spatâ⬠¦ you blew from down here.â⬠Only a bright person would know the name of a rare shell and how to blow it to make a noise. Further on at the end of chapter two Piggy compares the fire on the mountain to the fires of hell. It almost like he can ââ¬Å"seeâ⬠what is going to happen to the kids. Also he says ââ¬Å"acting like a crowd of kidsâ⬠as if was the adult on the island trying to help the ââ¬Å"kidsâ⬠. More proof of his clear thinking is the fact that Ralph relies on Piggyââ¬â¢s good advice to succeed. Without Piggy, Ralph would be lost. As the story progresses we see the boys drif t apart however we see Piggy try to retain order as an adult might. When there is going to be a fight he says, ââ¬Å"Come away. Thereââ¬â¢s going to be trouble. And weââ¬â¢ve had our meat.â⬠He realizes the intensity of the situation and tries to stop any altercation. The boys continue to drift apart but Ralph and Piggy continue to be friends. In particularly, after the killing of Simon, Piggy tries as best as he can to support Ralph although he realizes they were a party to the violent death. He says, ââ¬Å"You stop it. What good are you doing talking like that.â⬠Although his is wise no one seems to listen to him except for Ralph, those who didnââ¬â¢t respect him may wish they had. à à à à à Piggyââ¬â¢s role as a grown-up mainly backed up by what he says and his actions, however his appearance is symbolic of his role in the novel. He is fat, ââ¬Å"bad-lookingâ⬠; it is this which leads to the boys lack of respect for him. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06630794023674100109noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2255526188638010583.post-32328619400005470722020-01-17T02:13:00.001-08:002020-01-17T02:13:03.537-08:00Mla Format – AbortionJean Lin Ms. Kasababian Language Arts Honors 30 November 2012 Abortion In 2008, twelve women taking resident in the U. S. died due to legal abortions performed during the second or third trimesters of pregnancy. Abortion should be available to all females living in the United States, but must be a legal citizen to have late abortions, which are during the second or third trimesters of pregnancy. Abortion is a right that women have, and the Fourth Amendment ââ¬Å"Search and Seizureâ⬠supports it.Fewer women will exercise abortion if it is kept legal in the U. S. Late abortions are dangerous, so only legal citizens of the U. S. may have second or third trimester abortions. In the 1820ââ¬â¢s, various ideas against abortions began forming in the United States. Connecticut passed a statute targeting apothecaries who sold poisons to women for purposes of abortion, and New York made abortions a felony eight years later. The criminalization of abortions accelerated throughout the 18 60ââ¬â¢s all the way to the 1900ââ¬â¢s.Some states did allow abortions to generally protect a woman's life or pregnancies due to rape or incest. The famous Supreme Court case Roe v. Wade in 1973 legalized abortions throughout the U. S. The Court argued that the First, Fourth, Ninth, and Fourteenth Amendments protect an individualââ¬â¢s zone of privacy. On Jan. 24th, 2005, Hillary Clinton made a speech addressing her thoughts about abortion. ââ¬Å"Letââ¬â¢s defend the right to an abortion while doing all we can to ensure that fewer and fewer women exercise it. The Fourth Amendment, ââ¬Å"Search and Seizure,â⬠applies to a womanââ¬â¢s right to have an abortion: The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the person s or things to be seized. (Mount 1) Note that the fourth amendment specifies that authorities must have a warrant to scour a person of his/her belongings.The baby belongs to the mother, and therefore she has a right to decide whether to have an abortion (to have a doctor ââ¬Å"searchâ⬠her) or not. NARAL Pro-Choice America (National Abortion Rights Action League) ââ¬Å"believes in keeping abortion legal and safe. â⬠NARAL also believes in lessening the need for abortion, which means keeping the access to contraception, or birth control, wide open. Even pro-life persons believe in access to birth control. Hillary Clinton stated in her speech in 2005, ââ¬Å"The pro-life Senate minority leader, Harry Reid, has a bill called the Prevention First Act that would expand access to birth control. Access to birth control does not act in the same way as an abortion does, however. Many CPCs (Crisis Pregnancy Centers) mislead women into thinking that abortions cause breast cancer, t hat birth-control pills cause abortions, and that abortion can lead to sterility. CPCs do anything to talk a woman out of having a legal abortion. Late abortions are performed during the second or third trimesters. A method of late abortion is a saline injection. This is when a needle is inserted into the uterus through the abdominal wall.Amniotic fluid, which is the ââ¬Å"egg whiteâ⬠that provides nutrients for the baby, is drained from the uterus and replaced with concentrated salt water to kill the fetus. The amniotic fluid drained is said to be dangerous if it were released into the womanââ¬â¢s body. The woman can die, but has a very low risk of being infected. One idea brought up by pro-life activists is that abortion is murder. According to the 14th Amendment, people born and naturalized as citizens in the U. S. are protected under the law. A fetus is not yet born.Just because it has a life doesnââ¬â¢t mean the fetus is protected under the law. The mother is, but t he ââ¬Å"unborn babyâ⬠is not protected as an individual. Therefore, abortion is not murder, and abortion is not illegal. Everyone, either pro-choice or pro-life, wants to lower the amount of abortions practiced: According to the most recent data from the Centers for Disease Control, since 1990 the number of reported legal abortions dropped from 1. 4 million a year to 853,000 in 2001. The number of abortions for every 1,000 live births dropped from 344 to 246. Sullivan 1) Abortion should be a right and privilege for every woman, but it also comes with great risk and responsibility. Works Cited ââ¬Å"Abortion ââ¬â When and How Abortions Are Performedâ⬠JRank. 2008. Abortion ââ¬â When And How Abortions Are Performed Haeberle, Erwin J. ââ¬Å"The Sex Atlas. â⬠1983. ; http://www2. hu-berlin. de/sexology/ATLAS_EN/html/abortion_methods. html ; McBride, Alex. ââ¬Å"Roe v. Wade (1973). â⬠No date. ; http://www. pbs. org/wnet/supremecourt/rights/landmark_roe. html; Sullivan, Andrew. ââ¬Å"The Case for Compromise on Abortion. â⬠Time 27 Feb. 2005 Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06630794023674100109noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2255526188638010583.post-88835802357300715242020-01-08T22:33:00.001-08:002020-01-08T22:33:02.668-08:00How to Start a Private School Starting a private school is a lengthy and complicated process. Fortunately, many people have done it before you, and there is much inspiration and practical advice in their examples. In fact, browsing the history section of any established private schools website can prove extremely useful. Some of these stories will inspire you. Others will remind you that starting a school takes lots of time, money, and support. Below is a timeline for the tasks involved in starting your own private school. Todays Private School Climate Before embarking on the journey of starting your own private school, its important to note the economic climate in the private school sector. A 2019 report by Bellwether Education Partners, a national educational nonprofit, noted that in previous decades, thousands of Catholic schools closed and many other private schools had lower enrollment. They reported this was caused by the increasing tuition fees that many middle- and lower-income families werent anymore able to afford. In fact, The Association of Boarding Schools (TABS) published a strategic plan for 2013-2017, in which it pledged to increase efforts to help schools identify and recruit qualified families in North America. This pledge led to the creation ofà the North American Boarding Initiative to address the declining enrollment in private boarding schools. This passage is taken from their website: Again, we face a serious enrollment challenge. Domestic boarding enrollment has declined gradually, yet consistently, for more than a dozen years. Its a trend that shows no sign of reversing itself. Moreover, multiple surveys have confirmed that a lions share of boarding school leaders identify domestic boarding as their most pressing strategic challenge. As a community of schools, it is time once again to take decisive action. As of 2019, the statistical data provided by the Independent School Facts report for TABS displays that the actual numbers of enrollees over the previous five years have either been steady or growing slowly. Similarly, new and new private schools have been created, which probably also accounts for this growth. At the same time, the National Association of Independent Schoolsà remarks that even though about 40% of private schools lost enrollees between 2006 and 2014, schools in areas with economic growth, like New York City or the Western states, kept growing. Considerations In todays day and age, it does warrant careful consideration and planning to determine if creating another private school in the current market is appropriate. This assessment will vary greatly on a number of factors, including the strength of area schools, the number of and quality of competitor schools, geographic area, and needs of the community, among others.à For example, a rural town in the midwest without strong public school options may benefit from a private school, or depending on the location, a private school might not generate enough interest there. However, in an area like New England, which is already home to more than 150 independent schools, starting a new institution might or might not be quite as successful.à 1. Identify Your Niche 36-24 Months Before Opening Determine what kind of school the local market needsââ¬âK-8, 9-12, day, boarding, Montessori, etc. Ask area parents and teachers for their opinions, and if you can afford it, hire a marketing company to do a survey. It will help you focus your efforts and ensure that youre making a sound business decision. Once you determine what kind of school you will be opening, decide with how many grades you will actually start. Your long-range plans may call for a K-12 school, but it makes more sense to start small and grow solidly. Typically, you would establish the primary division, and add the upper grades over time as your resources permit. 2. Form a Committee 24 Months Before Opening Form a small committee of talented supporters to begin the preliminary work. Include parents or other prominent members of your community who have financial, legal, management, and building experience. Ask for and get a commitment of time and financial support from each member. You are undertaking important planning work which will demand much time and energy, and these people can become the core of your first board of directors. Co-opt additional paid talent, if you can afford it, to guide you through the various challenges, which will inevitably confront you. 3. Find a Home 20 Months Before Opening Locate a facility to house the school or develop building plans if you will be creating your own facility from scratch. Only be aware that building your school will be immensely more expensive and time-consuming than working with an already existing building. Your architect and contractor committee members should spearhead this assignment. At the same time, think carefully before you leap at acquiring that wonderful old mansion or vacant office space. Schools require good locations for many reasons, not the least of which is safety. Older buildings can be money pits. Instead, investigate modular buildings which will be greener as well. 4. Incorporate 18 Months Before Opening File incorporation papers with your Secretary of State. The lawyer on your committee should be able to handle this for you. There are costs associated with the filing, but being on the committee, your lawyer would ideally donate their legal services to the cause. This is a critical step in your long-term fundraising. People will give money much more readily to a legal entity or institution as opposed to a person. If you have already decided to establish your own proprietary school, you will be on your own when it comes to raising money. 5. Develop a Business Plan 18 Months Before Opening Develop a business plan. This should be a blueprint of how the school is going to operate over its first five years. Always be conservative in your projections and dont try to do everything in these first years unless you have been lucky enough to find a donor to fund the program in its entirety. Make sure your plan is solid as this is what will further attract donors to your cause. 6. Develop a Budget 18 Months Before Opening Develop a budget for 5 years; this is the detailed look at income and expenses. The financial person on your committee should be responsible for developing this critical document. As always, project your assumptions conservatively and factor in some wriggle room should things go wrong. You need to develop two budgets: an operating budget and a capital budget. For example, a swimming pool or an arts facility would fall under the capital side, while planning for social security expenses would be an operating budget expense. Seek expert advice. 7. Tax-Exempt Status 16 Months Before Opening Apply for tax-exempt 501(c)(3) status from the IRS. Again, your lawyer can handle this application. Submit it as early in the process as you can so that you can begin to solicit tax-deductible contributions. People and businesses will definitely look at your fundraising efforts much more favorably if you are a recognized tax-exempt organization. Tax-exempt status might also help with local taxes, though it is recommended that you pay local taxes whenever or wherever possible, as a gesture of goodwill. 8. Choose Key Staff Members 16 Months Before Opening Identify your Head of School and your Business Manager. To do that, conduct your search as widely as possible. Write job descriptions for these and all your other staff and faculty positions. You will be looking for self-starters who enjoy building something from scratch. Once IRS approvals are in place, hire the head and the business manager. It will be up to you to provide them with the stability and focus of a steady job to get your school open; they will need to provide their expertise to ensure an opening on time. 9. Solicit Contributions 14 Months Before Opening Secure your initial fundingââ¬âdonors and subscriptions. Plan your campaign carefully so that you can build momentum, yet are able to keep pace with actual funding needs. Appoint a dynamic leader from your planning group to ensure the success of these initial efforts. Bake sales and car washes are not going to yield the large amount of capital which you will need. On the other hand, well-planned appeals to foundations and local philanthropists will pay off. If you can afford it, hire a professional to help you write proposals and identify donors. 10. Identify Your Faculty Requirements 14 Months Before Opening It is critical to attract skilled faculty. Do so by agreeing to competitive compensation. Sell your future employees on the vision of your new school; the chance to shape something is always appealing. While it is still over a year until you open, line up as many faculty members as you can. Do not leave this important job until the last minute. 11. Spread the Word 14 Months Before Opening Advertise for students. Promote the new school through service club presentations and other community groups. Design a website and set up a mailing list to keep interested parents and donors in touch with your progress. Marketing your school is something that has to be done consistently, appropriately, and effectively. If you can afford it, hire an expert to get this important job done. 12. Open for Business 9 Months Before Opening Open the school office and begin admissions interviews and tours of your facilities. January before a fall opening is the latest you can do this. Ordering instructional materials, planning curricula, and devising a master timetable are just some of the tasks your professionals will have to attend to. 13. Orient and Train Your Faculty 1 Month Before Opening Have faculty in place to get the school ready for opening. The first year at a new school requires endless meetings and planning sessions for the academic staff. Get your teachers on the job no later than August 1 in order to be prepared for opening day. Depending on how lucky you are at attracting qualified teachers, you may have your hands full with this aspect of the project. Take the time needed to sell your new teachers on the schools vision. They need to buy into it, so that your school can take off with the right atmosphere. 14. Opening Day Make this a soft opening at which you welcome your students and any interested parents at a brief assembly. Then off to classes. Teaching is what your school will be known for. It needs to begin promptly on Day One. The formal opening ceremony should be a festive occasion. Schedule it for a few weeks after the soft opening. Faculty and students will have sorted themselves out by then. In this way, a feeling of community will be apparent, and the public impression which your new school will make will be a positive one. Be sure to invite local, regional, and state leaders. Stay Informed Join national and state private school associations. You will find incomparable resources. The networking opportunities for you and your staff are virtually limitless. Plan on attending association conferences in Year One so that your school is visible. That will ensure plenty of applications for vacant positions in the following academic year. Tips Be conservative in your projections of revenues and expenses even if you have a way to pay for everything.Make sure real estate agents are aware of the new school, as families moving into the community always ask about schools. Arrange open houses and gatherings to promote your new school.Submit your schools website to online databases where parents and teachers can become aware of its existence.Always plan your facilities with growth and expansion in mind, and be sure to keep them green as wellââ¬âa sustainable school will last many years. Sources ââ¬Å"Toward Equitable Access and Affordability: How Private Schools and Microschools Seek to Serve Middle- and Low-Income Students.â⬠à Bellwether Education, 27 Aug. 2019.ââ¬Å"Enrollment Trends in Independent Schools.â⬠à NAIS, 2015.ââ¬Å"Strategic Plan 2013-2017.â⬠à TABS Strategic Plan 2013-2017. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06630794023674100109noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2255526188638010583.post-9707424560449451382019-12-31T18:58:00.001-08:002019-12-31T18:58:03.476-08:00MBA Math Skills Every Business Student Needs While some math requirements will vary by program, there are several MBA math skills that every business student needs to succeed. These skills can be obtained (or brushed up on) online, as part of a GMAT prep program or in a math refresher course, such as the pre-MBA math boot camps offered by many business schools. Some of the most important MBA math skills involve basic number sense, algebra, calculus, statistics, and probability. Basic Number Sense Basic number sense may seem elementary, but it is important because it is the foundation for all of the business math you will do in an MBA program. You should be able to understand symbolic representation (i.e. the different ways numbers can be represented), how numbers relate to each other, and how numbers can be used in real-world situations. More specifically, you should be able to: Represent numbers as percents, fractions, and decimalsPerform conversions on percents, fractions, and decimalsSolve problems using percents, decimals, fractions, and mixed numbersSimplify mathematical expressions using the appropriate order of operations Algebra for Business Reviewing all the algebra you learned in high school is a must. Algebra is used constantly in business math, particularly in economics, finance, and statistics courses. You can start your preparation by reviewing the definitions of key terms like variable, constant, exponent, and operator. After that, you should practice simplifying algebraic expressions, evaluating algebraic expressions with multiple variables, and expanding algebraic expressions using the distributive property. Finally, take time to learn how to: Solve linear equationsSolve systems of linear equationsSolve quadratics by factoringSimplify and solve binomialsSimplify and solve polynomials Calculus for Business Most business school professors will help you understand the calculus you need to know as you go through the curriculum. However, if you spend all your time learning the math while youre in a program, youll get a lot less out of most courses than you should. Its a good idea to master a few essential calculus skills prior to the start of your program. Here are specific concepts to know before you go: Function composition and graphingFunction operationsLimits of functionsSlopes and rates of changeDerivatives and differentiationMinimum and maximum valuesExponentials and logarithmsDefinite and indefinite integrals Statistics for Business Statistical analysis is a common task in many MBA courses.à It is important to understand key measures, such as measures of central tendency and measures of spread or dispersion, as well as key properties of populations and samples. Brushing up on the following statistics concepts will help you ace your coursework: Calculate mean, median, mode, and rangeCalculate the standard deviationCalculate normal distributionIdentify shifts in the meanCalculate statistical significanceInterpret sampling distributionEstimate sample and population variance Probability for Business When it comes to MBA math, knowing how to calculate probabilities is helpful but not absolutely essential. However, it is important to know how to use numerical probabilities to interpret scenarios, clarify information in uncertain scenarios, and communicate the probability of certain events occurring. You should know how to define all of the following terms: Dependent eventIndependent eventSimple eventCompound eventComplementary eventMutually exclusive eventNon-mutually exclusive eventConditional probability MBA Math Every MBA studentà takes at least one finance class. If youre specializing in a finance-related track, youll take quite a few finance classes. The curriculum will be much easier to navigate if you are familiar with finance mathematics. Some of the specific topics youll want to study before heading off to business school include the time value of money, rates of return, and interest formulas. You should be able to calculate: Present and future valuesRequired rate of returnSimple rate of returnModified rate of returnInternal rate of returnSimple interest and compound interest Math for Accounting Like finance classes, accounting classes are practicallyà inevitable in an MBA program. Youll spend a lot of time working with financial statements, which means you need to be comfortable with common financial ratios. Understanding these ratios will help you analyze trends and perform ratio analysis. You should learn how to calculate: Liquidity ratiosFinancial leverage ratiosProfitability ratiosAsset turnover ratiosDividend policy ratios Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06630794023674100109noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2255526188638010583.post-27887622331133843622019-12-23T14:44:00.001-08:002019-12-23T14:44:04.150-08:00Constantine s Declaration Of The Edict Of Milan - 1843 Words Constantineââ¬â¢s declaration of the Edict of Milan left a lasting impact on Roman society. The Edict of Milan allowed the tolerance of all religions, which influenced laws surrounding religion. This investigation will evaluate the following research question: To what extent did Constantineââ¬â¢s Edict of Milan, issued in 313 C.E., affect the spread of Christianity in Rome until its collapse? The investigation will address if the Edict of Milan was a turning point for Christianity in Rome, and if it had greater impact on the Eastern or Western Roman Empire. To gather knowledge on the matter, the investigation will be relying heavily on books presenting the history of Christianity, Emperor Constantine, and The Edict of Milan itself. By examining The Edict of Milan and the religions of settlements surrounding the Roman Empire, this investigation will measure the impact Constantineââ¬â¢s Edict of Milan in Rome from 313 C.E. until its fall. The origin of my first source, Christi anity: A Global History, was a book written by David Chidester as a secondary source in 2000. There is little reveal of the authorââ¬â¢s perspective because the historic information regarding Christianity was comprised of primarily unarguable fact. The authorââ¬â¢s purpose in writing this piece was to provide readers with knowledge on the global foundation of Christianity. The author is also a scholar in religious studies, and is currently a professor teaching about religion at Cape Town University in South Africa. TheShow MoreRelatedConstantine And Empress Helen Their Impact On Christianity1479 Words à |à 6 PagesTopic: Constantine and Empress Helena: Their Impact on Christianity -Who was Constantine?: Constantine was believed to be born on February 22, either in 272 or 273 AD. The exact date and year is not definite. He was the son of Marcus Flavius Valerius Constantius Herculius Augustus (mainly known as Constantius Chlorus) and Flavia Iulia Helena Augusta (mainly known as Saint Helena). His father was an officer of the army, and his mother was an inn keeperââ¬â¢s daughter. His father later divorced his motherRead MoreThe Roman Catholic Church s Influence And Governance Over Europe Throughout The Middle Ages1936 Words à |à 8 Pagesrefers to the period between the Conversion of Constantine in 313CE and the onset of the Renaissance Period during the early 14th century. In addition, this essay will examine and account for change in the institution and theology of the Roman Catholic Church. It will identify the nature and importance of continuity and the diversity of causes and outcomes of the Churchââ¬â¢s influence through a range of historical perspectives. Since the conversion of Constantine in 313CE, Christianity transformed from a Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06630794023674100109noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2255526188638010583.post-11006848771785284002019-12-15T11:14:00.001-08:002019-12-15T11:14:04.226-08:00Effectively Communicating in an Interpersonal Relationship Free Essays string(125) " good for a person because at times we will find ourselves attracted to people that share the same culture basis that we do\." Effectively Communicating in an Interpersonal Relationship To the newly wedded couple, It has occurred to me that our current generation seems to lack the ability to communicate effectively with in an interpersonal relationships and it is through cooperation, collaboration, and compromise that an effective flow of communication occurs. If we analyzing and studying the communication process of both sending and receiving information, we can improve our ability to communicate effectively between one another. To have a successful interpersonal relationship one must first interact with others, which is called interpersonal communication. We will write a custom essay sample on Effectively Communicating in an Interpersonal Relationship or any similar topic only for you Order Now â⬠(Hybels, 2007) We spend most of our lives interacting with each other, with a dozen different reasons to talk to different people. We will tend to say things differently depending on who we are speaking too. So there is a lot more to communication that just putting words together and saying them out loud for the other person to hear. The ability to communicate effectively takes real skill and learning this skill never ends, even in a marriage. Being able to communicate effectively is probably one of the most important skills a person can have in a marriage, as the main cause for divorce is the lack of communication between one another. You are the only person that can say what you want your spouse to hear, so if you donââ¬â¢t know how to express what you want to say or explain your intentions clearly, the other one could easily take what you say and turn your own words agains you. So the best way to avoid this situation is to be assertive in how you communicate. When I say you must be assertive, I mean you must express your feelings and ideas openly, honestly, and take responsibility for your actions. It is also being willing to listen to what the other one is saying and respect them no matter how different their opinions may be from yours. You also need to be able to recognizing the emotions in one another, as it is a very important first step to building a good relationship. If one cannot feel what the other one is feeling, then you simply cannot connect with them on a personal or emotional level and that can deeply hinder oneââ¬â¢s relationship process. Interpersonal communication is important because of the functions it achieves. Whenever we engage in communication with another person, we seek to exchange information with them, we also communicate information through a wide variety of verbal and nonverbal cues. Spoken communication has huge effects on all aspects of our life, to including interpersonal relationships, just as speaking and telling our needs and wants verbally or non-verbally is a necessity for our daily lives. Within our daily lives of both work and home, when we exchange information with our spouse, our verbal communication is organized by our language, whereas nonverbal communication is not. We spend about 75 percent of our day communicating our knowledge, thoughts, experiences, and ideas to each other. (Allis, 2002) What we donââ¬â¢t realize is that a lot of our communication is not made up of the oral or written form but of the nonverbal form. In communications involving two or more people, our messages are sent on two levels simultaneously and if the verbal cues are not congruent with the nonverbal cues, then the flow of communication is hindered. Correct or not, if the receiver of the communication will base the intentions of the sender on the nonverbal cues that they recieved. Most couples believe that they will communicate better because of the fact that they are in a relationship with this person and the depth of their personal knowledge and connectivity. (Schoenberg, 2011) All of this is based on the assumption that your significant other understands your intent even though your verbal and nonverbal signals are not matching up. So you two have to be cognizant of the nonverbal signals that you send to each other. Nonverbal cues can be categorized into two sections: vocal and visual. The vocal side of nonverbal communication involves timbre (quality and tone), pitch (inflection), intensity (volume), tempo (speed), rhythm, and pauses (silence). Whereas the visual side of nonverbal communication involves your eyes, face, body posture, and hand gestures. ââ¬Å"Before a person makes an attempt to form an interpersonal relationship, they must decide what attracts them to that person. There are many factors that make up attractions to other: physical attractions, perceived gain, similarities, differences, and proximity are a few of them. (Hybels, 2007) As you too were attracted to each other from the start, it is common with most people to be attracted to each other by the way they look, some people might have certain distinct characteristics that they find more attractable then others. Tall or short, blonde or brunette hair, blue or green eyes, muscular or slender, or even freckles are many things that attract us to one another but if there is no attractions, you are going to be less likely to walk up to someone and strike up a conversation them. For example, I am covered from wrists to neck to waist with tattoos and I have found that they inhibit my ability to have a good first impression on many of the professors that I have had over the last several years of college. I didnââ¬â¢t notice it at first but over time I saw that I received a warmer reception and instruction from my teachers when I had long sleeves on but if I gave the instructor time to get to know me. I could slowly start to show tattoos and it would not affect how the instructor acted towards me. On the opposite side though, I have met very interesting and smart people that had just as many tattoos as I did because of the shared similarities that we had. The similarities and differences can be a major factor in determining if a relationship will be good for a person because at times we will find ourselves attracted to people that share the same culture basis that we do. You read "Effectively Communicating in an Interpersonal Relationship" in category "Papers" It is not a hard reach though to see why people are often attracted to people who enjoy the same things as we do but people can also be attracted to the differences in personalities. For example, people who donââ¬â¢t like making decisions might be attracted to a stronger decision maker. Because these characteristics complement each other, they might help strengthen the relationship. â⬠(Hybels, 2007) So keep this in mind when you two are communicating with each other and it seems that what you are trying to send in not being received properly, as your nonverbal cues or bodily language might be sending something entirely different. As important as sending the right signals both verbally and nonverbally, effective listening is just as important in any relationship. When one listens to another, it shows that you respect them and care about what the other person is trying to communicate. There are three important types of listening and they are active, critical, and empathic. (Sole, 2011) Active listening is assertive communication that develops a sense of trust, were the person talking gets the feeling that you know what they are trying to communicate is getting to you. In doing this, you two will build a stronger bond and trust each other more in what you say and do. Critical listening is an analytical and rational process of listening, in where you analysis what is being said, process the information, and make a judgement on what was meant. After one has been in a relationship for a while the critical listening will not be needed, as empathic listening will tend to take over. Empathic listening is listening to your spouse when they have an issue or problem that they just need to talk about and know that you are there to listen. So when you empathetically listen, you set aside your own feelings and concentrate on comforting you spouse in their time of emotional need. Once you can use empathic listening in your relationship, you will be able to reflect on what is being said and respond back on the same emotional level of the person communicating but empathic listening is something that takes time in a relationship and you cannot force emotions but you can just be there for your spouse. It is obvious that you too have already made the initial approach to each other but there can be times in you relationship that you will have to make the approach again because a new or different situation has developed. So it is good to know that once we have approached someone, the next steps of forming an interpersonal relationship would be our motives for communicating. Your motives for getting married can easily be seen if someone spends just a couple minutes with you two and you guys fit the text book definition of what motivates us for forming a relationship. As ââ¬Å"we are motivated to form relationships for many different reasons such as, pleasure, affection, inclusion, escape, relaxation, control, and health. â⬠(Hybels, 2007) If one is motivated by pleasure, he or she might want someone to watch the same movies, listen to music, or discuss things that they have in common. If one is motivated by affection, then finding someone who will give you the ââ¬Å"affective affirmationâ⬠that you need. Regardless of what motivates us, if we have started to develop a relationship we have to decide how much of our selves that we want to share and at what point in the relationship do we share it. Another factor that would have been considered as well would be the proximity of each other, as ââ¬Å"proximity is the close contact that occurs when people share an experience such as at work, school, or play. â⬠(Hybels, 2007) But seeing as you to met in college and studied the same major, your proximity was really close and you too were able to hare a lot of really neat experiences together and still continue to do so. Speaking of sharing with one another, I would like to explain self-disclosure to both of you. As ââ¬Å"self-disclosure is a process in which one person tells another person something he or she would not reveal to just anyone. â⬠(Hybels, 2007) Self-disclosure in not just providing someone with information about yourself. Self-disclosure is about revealing a piece of yourself that others would not normally know or learn about you over time. It involves trusting a person with your vulnerabilities when your risk sharing this information but it is also a way of gaining more information from the person you are sharing it with and you want to be able to trust each other and predict the thoughts and actions of your spouse. When one shares information like this, we are able to judge the reactions of our significant other. So once we share this information, we can learn how they think and feel on certain situations or topics that would not normally come up in normal day discussions. It is also implied that once he or she begins self-disclosure, the other will follow suit. Thus causing a mutual disclosure and deepening the trust between two people in a relationship, knowing that they except you for who you are. While self-disclosure can strengthen a relationship it can also damage it as well but it is not called the intensifying stage for nothing because a relationship can be damaged if he or she is pouring out their soul to you and you donââ¬â¢t like what they are hearing or if the self-disclosure comes to early in the relationship, it can be just as damaging. There are five stages that we go through when developing and strengthening a relationship, these are the ââ¬Å"coming togetherâ⬠stages. The first stage is the initiating stage, which is characterized by nervousness, caution, hesitation, and a very high risk of rejection. The next stage is the experimental stage, where we seek out any common interests, experiences, and life goals. It is in this stage that you might of talked about both of your education and career goals, when you might want to start a family, and what part of the city you wanted to settle down in. The third stage is the intensity stage in which the couple begins self-disclosure in an attempt to strengthen their relationship but also make it more vulnerable to each other. If you didnââ¬â¢t notice, when you two first started dating, your conversations were usually on positive topics in both of your lives but as time when on and you began to trust each other and build bonds. So when both of you felt comfortable in expressing your needs, fears, and desires; your relationship was strengthened and the two of you grew closer together as a couple. I donââ¬â¢t really think you two had an issues with this though, as you guys seemed to attach yourselves to each other after only a month had passed bye and the beginning and continued use of your pet names for each other made all of us sick but we were extremely grateful (kidding) when both of you got that summer intern job together. You two did come back a stronger couple though, so that summer really did bring you two together more, which led you into the fourth stage. The fourth stage is the integrating stage, in which the couple begins to communicate and respond easily to each others feelings. This is the point where your personalities began merging into one and we always saw you two together. I donââ¬â¢t think there was a single party or gathering that both of you were there for but you two made a cute couple and it was just expected after a time. The final stage would be the bonding stage. At this point, the couple will make some sort of commitment that announces their relationship to those around them,â⬠(Hybels, 2007) involving a lot of commitment and dedication to the relationship and to each other. Whereas you two decided to get married and finally move into that small house you both were drooling over but you do know that once you two decide to have a baby, you will have to find a bigger house. In all of the stages discussed we all have decision to make, we can either continue to move forward to the next stage, stay in the same sta ge we are in, or terminate the relationship all together. No matter what we as individuals choose to do with our lives, we need to know how to communicate effectively to that next stage and we need to know how to handle and resolve conflict in any relationship we place ourselves in. ââ¬Å"We can do this by conflict resolution, which is negotiating to find a solution to the conflict. â⬠(Hybels, 2007) Depending on how a conflict is resolved it can produce a positive or negative result but it also helps to take a positive approach to any conflict resolution, where discussion is considerate and on-confrontational, and the heart of the matter is on the issues and not on the individuals. If this can be completed, then, as long as people are willingly listening to each other and explore facts, issues, and possible solutions properly, conflict can often be resolved effectively. Making interpersonal communication just like any other work of life, meaning that it must be practiced and utilized regularly to be successful and we must continually analyze and study it in order to improve our ability to communicate effectively in relationships. So if you relationship is to last a long time and be a healthy and happy one, it is important to maintain a constant and consistent flow of communication with your partner (Sole, 2011). I wish the best of luck to both of you and hope your future endeavors bring you as much happiness as the last ones did. Sincerely, Aaron Stamper Reference Allis, R. (2002). Non-verbal Communication. Zeromillion. com. Retrieved from http://www. zeromillion. com/business/management/non-verbal-communication. html Hybels, S. Weaver, R. (2007). Communicating Effectively. New York: McGraw-Hill Company Inc. Preston, P. (2005). Nonverbal communication: Do you really say what you mean? Journal of Healthcare Management. Retrieved from http://proquest. umi. com. Schoenberg, N. (2011). Can we talk? researcher talks about the role of communication in marriages. Houston Chronicle. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com. Sole, K. (2011). Making Connections: Understanding Interpersonal Communication. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Retrieved from https://content. ashford. ed. How to cite Effectively Communicating in an Interpersonal Relationship, Papers Effectively Communicating in an Interpersonal Relationship Free Essays string(125) " good for a person because at times we will find ourselves attracted to people that share the same culture basis that we do\." Effectively Communicating in an Interpersonal Relationship To the newly wedded couple, It has occurred to me that our current generation seems to lack the ability to communicate effectively with in an interpersonal relationships and it is through cooperation, collaboration, and compromise that an effective flow of communication occurs. If we analyzing and studying the communication process of both sending and receiving information, we can improve our ability to communicate effectively between one another. To have a successful interpersonal relationship one must first interact with others, which is called interpersonal communication. We will write a custom essay sample on Effectively Communicating in an Interpersonal Relationship or any similar topic only for you Order Now â⬠(Hybels, 2007) We spend most of our lives interacting with each other, with a dozen different reasons to talk to different people. We will tend to say things differently depending on who we are speaking too. So there is a lot more to communication that just putting words together and saying them out loud for the other person to hear. The ability to communicate effectively takes real skill and learning this skill never ends, even in a marriage. Being able to communicate effectively is probably one of the most important skills a person can have in a marriage, as the main cause for divorce is the lack of communication between one another. You are the only person that can say what you want your spouse to hear, so if you donââ¬â¢t know how to express what you want to say or explain your intentions clearly, the other one could easily take what you say and turn your own words agains you. So the best way to avoid this situation is to be assertive in how you communicate. When I say you must be assertive, I mean you must express your feelings and ideas openly, honestly, and take responsibility for your actions. It is also being willing to listen to what the other one is saying and respect them no matter how different their opinions may be from yours. You also need to be able to recognizing the emotions in one another, as it is a very important first step to building a good relationship. If one cannot feel what the other one is feeling, then you simply cannot connect with them on a personal or emotional level and that can deeply hinder oneââ¬â¢s relationship process. Interpersonal communication is important because of the functions it achieves. Whenever we engage in communication with another person, we seek to exchange information with them, we also communicate information through a wide variety of verbal and nonverbal cues. Spoken communication has huge effects on all aspects of our life, to including interpersonal relationships, just as speaking and telling our needs and wants verbally or non-verbally is a necessity for our daily lives. Within our daily lives of both work and home, when we exchange information with our spouse, our verbal communication is organized by our language, whereas nonverbal communication is not. We spend about 75 percent of our day communicating our knowledge, thoughts, experiences, and ideas to each other. (Allis, 2002) What we donââ¬â¢t realize is that a lot of our communication is not made up of the oral or written form but of the nonverbal form. In communications involving two or more people, our messages are sent on two levels simultaneously and if the verbal cues are not congruent with the nonverbal cues, then the flow of communication is hindered. Correct or not, if the receiver of the communication will base the intentions of the sender on the nonverbal cues that they recieved. Most couples believe that they will communicate better because of the fact that they are in a relationship with this person and the depth of their personal knowledge and connectivity. (Schoenberg, 2011) All of this is based on the assumption that your significant other understands your intent even though your verbal and nonverbal signals are not matching up. So you two have to be cognizant of the nonverbal signals that you send to each other. Nonverbal cues can be categorized into two sections: vocal and visual. The vocal side of nonverbal communication involves timbre (quality and tone), pitch (inflection), intensity (volume), tempo (speed), rhythm, and pauses (silence). Whereas the visual side of nonverbal communication involves your eyes, face, body posture, and hand gestures. ââ¬Å"Before a person makes an attempt to form an interpersonal relationship, they must decide what attracts them to that person. There are many factors that make up attractions to other: physical attractions, perceived gain, similarities, differences, and proximity are a few of them. (Hybels, 2007) As you too were attracted to each other from the start, it is common with most people to be attracted to each other by the way they look, some people might have certain distinct characteristics that they find more attractable then others. Tall or short, blonde or brunette hair, blue or green eyes, muscular or slender, or even freckles are many things that attract us to one another but if there is no attractions, you are going to be less likely to walk up to someone and strike up a conversation them. For example, I am covered from wrists to neck to waist with tattoos and I have found that they inhibit my ability to have a good first impression on many of the professors that I have had over the last several years of college. I didnââ¬â¢t notice it at first but over time I saw that I received a warmer reception and instruction from my teachers when I had long sleeves on but if I gave the instructor time to get to know me. I could slowly start to show tattoos and it would not affect how the instructor acted towards me. On the opposite side though, I have met very interesting and smart people that had just as many tattoos as I did because of the shared similarities that we had. The similarities and differences can be a major factor in determining if a relationship will be good for a person because at times we will find ourselves attracted to people that share the same culture basis that we do. You read "Effectively Communicating in an Interpersonal Relationship" in category "Essay examples" It is not a hard reach though to see why people are often attracted to people who enjoy the same things as we do but people can also be attracted to the differences in personalities. For example, people who donââ¬â¢t like making decisions might be attracted to a stronger decision maker. Because these characteristics complement each other, they might help strengthen the relationship. â⬠(Hybels, 2007) So keep this in mind when you two are communicating with each other and it seems that what you are trying to send in not being received properly, as your nonverbal cues or bodily language might be sending something entirely different. As important as sending the right signals both verbally and nonverbally, effective listening is just as important in any relationship. When one listens to another, it shows that you respect them and care about what the other person is trying to communicate. There are three important types of listening and they are active, critical, and empathic. (Sole, 2011) Active listening is assertive communication that develops a sense of trust, were the person talking gets the feeling that you know what they are trying to communicate is getting to you. In doing this, you two will build a stronger bond and trust each other more in what you say and do. Critical listening is an analytical and rational process of listening, in where you analysis what is being said, process the information, and make a judgement on what was meant. After one has been in a relationship for a while the critical listening will not be needed, as empathic listening will tend to take over. Empathic listening is listening to your spouse when they have an issue or problem that they just need to talk about and know that you are there to listen. So when you empathetically listen, you set aside your own feelings and concentrate on comforting you spouse in their time of emotional need. Once you can use empathic listening in your relationship, you will be able to reflect on what is being said and respond back on the same emotional level of the person communicating but empathic listening is something that takes time in a relationship and you cannot force emotions but you can just be there for your spouse. It is obvious that you too have already made the initial approach to each other but there can be times in you relationship that you will have to make the approach again because a new or different situation has developed. So it is good to know that once we have approached someone, the next steps of forming an interpersonal relationship would be our motives for communicating. Your motives for getting married can easily be seen if someone spends just a couple minutes with you two and you guys fit the text book definition of what motivates us for forming a relationship. As ââ¬Å"we are motivated to form relationships for many different reasons such as, pleasure, affection, inclusion, escape, relaxation, control, and health. â⬠(Hybels, 2007) If one is motivated by pleasure, he or she might want someone to watch the same movies, listen to music, or discuss things that they have in common. If one is motivated by affection, then finding someone who will give you the ââ¬Å"affective affirmationâ⬠that you need. Regardless of what motivates us, if we have started to develop a relationship we have to decide how much of our selves that we want to share and at what point in the relationship do we share it. Another factor that would have been considered as well would be the proximity of each other, as ââ¬Å"proximity is the close contact that occurs when people share an experience such as at work, school, or play. â⬠(Hybels, 2007) But seeing as you to met in college and studied the same major, your proximity was really close and you too were able to hare a lot of really neat experiences together and still continue to do so. Speaking of sharing with one another, I would like to explain self-disclosure to both of you. As ââ¬Å"self-disclosure is a process in which one person tells another person something he or she would not reveal to just anyone. â⬠(Hybels, 2007) Self-disclosure in not just providing someone with information about yourself. Self-disclosure is about revealing a piece of yourself that others would not normally know or learn about you over time. It involves trusting a person with your vulnerabilities when your risk sharing this information but it is also a way of gaining more information from the person you are sharing it with and you want to be able to trust each other and predict the thoughts and actions of your spouse. When one shares information like this, we are able to judge the reactions of our significant other. So once we share this information, we can learn how they think and feel on certain situations or topics that would not normally come up in normal day discussions. It is also implied that once he or she begins self-disclosure, the other will follow suit. Thus causing a mutual disclosure and deepening the trust between two people in a relationship, knowing that they except you for who you are. While self-disclosure can strengthen a relationship it can also damage it as well but it is not called the intensifying stage for nothing because a relationship can be damaged if he or she is pouring out their soul to you and you donââ¬â¢t like what they are hearing or if the self-disclosure comes to early in the relationship, it can be just as damaging. There are five stages that we go through when developing and strengthening a relationship, these are the ââ¬Å"coming togetherâ⬠stages. The first stage is the initiating stage, which is characterized by nervousness, caution, hesitation, and a very high risk of rejection. The next stage is the experimental stage, where we seek out any common interests, experiences, and life goals. It is in this stage that you might of talked about both of your education and career goals, when you might want to start a family, and what part of the city you wanted to settle down in. The third stage is the intensity stage in which the couple begins self-disclosure in an attempt to strengthen their relationship but also make it more vulnerable to each other. If you didnââ¬â¢t notice, when you two first started dating, your conversations were usually on positive topics in both of your lives but as time when on and you began to trust each other and build bonds. So when both of you felt comfortable in expressing your needs, fears, and desires; your relationship was strengthened and the two of you grew closer together as a couple. I donââ¬â¢t really think you two had an issues with this though, as you guys seemed to attach yourselves to each other after only a month had passed bye and the beginning and continued use of your pet names for each other made all of us sick but we were extremely grateful (kidding) when both of you got that summer intern job together. You two did come back a stronger couple though, so that summer really did bring you two together more, which led you into the fourth stage. The fourth stage is the integrating stage, in which the couple begins to communicate and respond easily to each others feelings. This is the point where your personalities began merging into one and we always saw you two together. I donââ¬â¢t think there was a single party or gathering that both of you were there for but you two made a cute couple and it was just expected after a time. The final stage would be the bonding stage. At this point, the couple will make some sort of commitment that announces their relationship to those around them,â⬠(Hybels, 2007) involving a lot of commitment and dedication to the relationship and to each other. Whereas you two decided to get married and finally move into that small house you both were drooling over but you do know that once you two decide to have a baby, you will have to find a bigger house. In all of the stages discussed we all have decision to make, we can either continue to move forward to the next stage, stay in the same sta ge we are in, or terminate the relationship all together. No matter what we as individuals choose to do with our lives, we need to know how to communicate effectively to that next stage and we need to know how to handle and resolve conflict in any relationship we place ourselves in. ââ¬Å"We can do this by conflict resolution, which is negotiating to find a solution to the conflict. â⬠(Hybels, 2007) Depending on how a conflict is resolved it can produce a positive or negative result but it also helps to take a positive approach to any conflict resolution, where discussion is considerate and on-confrontational, and the heart of the matter is on the issues and not on the individuals. If this can be completed, then, as long as people are willingly listening to each other and explore facts, issues, and possible solutions properly, conflict can often be resolved effectively. Making interpersonal communication just like any other work of life, meaning that it must be practiced and utilized regularly to be successful and we must continually analyze and study it in order to improve our ability to communicate effectively in relationships. So if you relationship is to last a long time and be a healthy and happy one, it is important to maintain a constant and consistent flow of communication with your partner (Sole, 2011). I wish the best of luck to both of you and hope your future endeavors bring you as much happiness as the last ones did. Sincerely, Aaron Stamper Reference Allis, R. (2002). Non-verbal Communication. Zeromillion. com. Retrieved from http://www. zeromillion. com/business/management/non-verbal-communication. html Hybels, S. Weaver, R. (2007). Communicating Effectively. New York: McGraw-Hill Company Inc. Preston, P. (2005). Nonverbal communication: Do you really say what you mean? Journal of Healthcare Management. Retrieved from http://proquest. umi. com. Schoenberg, N. (2011). Can we talk? researcher talks about the role of communication in marriages. Houston Chronicle. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com. Sole, K. (2011). Making Connections: Understanding Interpersonal Communication. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Retrieved from https://content. ashford. ed. How to cite Effectively Communicating in an Interpersonal Relationship, Essay examples Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06630794023674100109noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2255526188638010583.post-3604339051138513852019-12-07T07:57:00.001-08:002019-12-07T07:57:03.914-08:00Business Ethics and Corporate Governance â⬠MyAssignmenthelp.com Question: Discuss about the Business Ethics and Corporate Governance Inference. Answer: Introduction: It is very important for a company to follow the ethical decision making to maintain its position on the top just by working for the profit motive, but rather by maintaining Ethical values. Coca-Cola is the world?s largest company in providing beverages. It nearly provides more than a billion goods throughout the world. It is the world?s most valuable logo and brand. It is well known for providing its consumers a regular supply of the products without any interruption. Due to all this features the company has been successful in developing long term relations with the consumers and thus providing a huge profit to the organization. Thus all this features has helped this company in reaching this height of success. It has also given a great importance to the overall development of the society by improving both social and economic situation of the society. It has initiated various programs for the betterment of the society. It has also supported various sustainable development intension based technology that will be helpful to only the present society but even to the coming generation. It has also taken various steps to stop the wastage of water and also has taken various steps to improve its present situation. It has also helped the people by helping the local organization to maintain peace and initiating overall health betterment. Some of these examples are that the company is helping the UNAIDS and is helping in curing the AIDS/HIV epidemics that is prevailing throughout the world. (Douglas R McKay, 2015) Along with this various scholarship programs and other initiative in the education sector has helped many students of the poor areas to come forward and get successful. Thus the company has always given importance in marinating the company?s name as one of the most valuable brand by maintain loyalty and sincerity towards the customers throughout the world. For this they have got recognition and has also be awarded with various prices at international level. But despite this fame the company has also been in the news for various wrong deeds, of which Ethical discrimination is one of the major problems. The price of its stocks has remained unchanged for about a decade because the company has been charged several times for racial and other ethical discrimination with its staffs, customers, other officials, etc. (Terblanche, 2015) The major charges that created the biggest problems for the Coca-Cola company are as follows:- Belgium Crises:- In 1999 several children fell ill by consuming the company?s products. But as no much action was taken post the incident by the company that led to large scale opposition against the company. The Belgium stores owners boycotted all the Coca-Cola products that resulted to a great loss to the company. Even other countries like Luxemburg and Netherlands followed the steps of the Belgium people. (Freeman Greenwood, 2015) Racial Discrimination charges:- After the Belgium crises the problem of the company didn?t improved. In the same year the company was charged with racial discrimination allegations by the African American employees. The company was criticized for its policy for placing the African American employees at the bottom of the salary scale. Thus a huge financial loss was suffered by the company as it had to pay the compensation to the employees to solve the issue. (Bain, 2017) Other issues:- Other issues like problem with the Burger King Market Test, earning through inflationary prices, problems in distribution, etc. Along with this various scholarship programs and other initiative in the education sector has helped many students of the poor areas to come forward and get successful. Thus the company has always given importance in marinating the company?s name as one of the most valuable brand by maintain loyalty and sincerity towards the customers throughout the world. For this they have got recognition and has also be awarded with various prices at international level. But despite this fame the company has also been in the news for various wrong deeds, of which Ethical discrimination is one of the major problems. The price of its stocks has remained unchanged for about a decade because the company has been charged several times for racial and other ethical discrimination with its staffs, customers, other officials, etc. (Terblanche, 2015) Thus even after reaching the heights of the success due to several issues internally and externally the resulted in the fall of the company?s reputation. (Clarke, 2014) A brief history of the organization:- Coca-Cola is one of the most valuable company and foremost in the beverages section. It is well known for its varieties of the products. Due to its value out of the top five sold beverages of the world, four are a Coca-Cola product. These products mainly include the regular Coke, Diet Coke, Fanta and Sprite. Thus due to its regular services and plenty of stock it has developed such a relation with the consumers that they will remain intact with the company for a long term and will be benefited to the company throughout their life. The major competitor of the Coca-Cola products is the Pepsi products that also hold a large share of global beverages supply. (Goel., 2014) Thus both these companies targeted the international market and by providing the demanded goods they are running in a race to capture more market since ages. Thus firstly Coca-Cola was just an American company selling its products in all corners of the world but now it is recognized as an international company that also sells its products in America. Thus, even Coca-Cola has the same main target of maximum market capturing like all other companies. But to make this task possible it has constantly bring new ideas and ways so that other companies doesn?t affects it position. The success of Coca-Cola even after all this struggles was possible due to its unique products, its merging strategy with other international firms, its services and quality, its focus on snacks business along with beverages, etc. Thus various stats shows that out of its total earnings about 25-30% share comes from America while rest is obtained from the other companies of the world. (Rossouw, 2005) Argument:- Coca-Cola is considered as a top level company as it survived even after facing many national and international issues that affected the company financially, morally, socially and ethically. But one question that arises in the mind is that despite being the top firm why such low level of acts was done by the company. It is a known fact that about 3/4th of the company?s sales is in the other countries. Many developing company has a large share in the company?s sales. So discrimination on the bases of race, skin color, earning profit by manipulating with the price and quality, cheating with its distributors, manipulation in the earnings, etc. should not have taken place. Thus you should not cheat with the ones on whom you are dependent for the earnings. The more you take care of them the more they will take care of yourselves. (Rossouw G. (., 2015) Oppositions Argument or Position:- As a company, it has not always been in a clean image and had gone through a lot of ups and down. When we come across the history it carries till date, we witness a series of incidents like the racial discrimination cases; it was accused of, the problems with whistle blowers sharing the incidents of how a frozen coke took a demised turn for a kid due to toxins of stale contents etc. There isn?t much to be done by the competitors here as they have been a witness to all the possible cases wherein it not only shows the series of cases of customer dissatisfaction, chances of how many times it has been sued by the customers, multiple layers of agitations files against the company, channel stuffing and inflated profits due to retail investors making a high margin are just another incidents witnesses by the competitors. (Eastern Michigan University, 2015) There are a series of observations wherein it even had trouble with the distributors, unions of the employees and retail and whole sale sector, problems with the trade secrets unions of coco-cola, there are enumerate examples wherein the ethical compliances of the company were kept stake and still it could not recover the same. The position of the company in the market is in a swing of controversies, series of cases, indemnity cases, health files, union issues reimbursement, customer dissatisfaction, and these are not minor problems for the company and have taken lot more than the reputation and clientele it carried before few years and the same as on date. As on date, it is trying to o reduce their ethical cases to negligible and to focus on reaching across the globe. What all we witnessed, are all problems that could be amended and while we gave instances of how they could have handled the problem differently and how efficiently they are trying to come up with a solution altogether. It is trying to amend the issues it had witnessed till now and come up with a clearer image with the unions, trade committees, sales, retail and wholesale sector, distribution channels etc. (Governance, 2016) Ethical decision making approaches and theories relied upon While coming across the issues wherein it is stuck as on date, the areas which we tried to come across and resolve are with the manner it dealt with the unions, trade committees, sales, retail and wholesale sector, distribution channels etc. shall be in a systematic and better manner, it should have a process flow which only defines how effective the same shall be handled but also signifies that the process should be transparent, have a decentralization which would specify that who is responsible for what and what will be the accountability of the same and how much responsible the SPOC will be for each line item. (Salehi, 2012) This will give a broader image and set up an ethical process as a whole which will not only signify how much compliances the company is able to comply with but also that the same shall be strived for sustaining in the long run as well. These practices shall target that the clientele shall be continued with and able to capture more market with the help of its objectives, whether they are in line with the industry ones and gradually there should be a bridge between the decided objectives and achieved ones. (Libraries, 2015) Summary/Conclusion:Coca-Cola is one of the most valuable companies of the world. So it should not neglect these above mentioned ethical issues as the impact of these issues is can be responsible for the future fall of the organization. This in the practice of becoming the top company of the world ethical principles should not be forgotten. Because forgetting these ethical principles can affect the reputation of the company and also the trust of the global consumers in the company. (Springer, Journal Of Business Ethics) Thus Coca-Cola has reached this height of success just by the support of the consumers. So valuing them along with their employees who has helped the company to maintain this large scale business will lead the company to the greater heights. For this the above mentioned ethical and other issues should be solved as soon as possible by implementing the ways that will bring the organization out these problems. Because if quick solutions are not brought for these issues than the fall of even such a big global firm is confirmed as one can sustain in the till it has long term consumers, once this support is lost the company can be replaced by its alternatives (Larcker, 2016) Bibliography Bain, D. S. (2017). Journal of Academic Buisness Ethics. Journal of Academic Legal Issues, 1-1. Clarke, T. (2014). Ethics, Values and Corporate Governance. Open Mind, 1-1. Douglas R McKay. (2015). Corporate governance and business ethics. PMC Libaries , 271-272. Eastern Michigan University. (2015). Research Guided, 1-1. Ethics, M. C. (2017). Corporate Governance. Sata Clara University, 1-1. Freeman, Greenwood, M. (2015). Ethics Corporate. Journal Of Business Etics, 1-1. Goel., M. (2014). Business Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility ? Is there a Dividing Line. Elsevier, 49-59. Governance, A. C. (2016). The Corruption Index 2013: . Applied Corp Governance, 1-1. Larcker, P. C. (2016). Causal Inference in Accounting Research. Journal of Accounting Reseach, 477-523. Libraries, U. M. (2015). Business Ethics: An Undergraduate Research Guide : . UW Madison Earliers, 1-1. Rossouw, G. (. (2015). Business ethics and corporate governance in he Second King Report: Farsighted or futile? . Departmemt of Philosphy, 1-1. Rossouw, G. J. (2005). Business Ethics and Corporate Governance in Africa. Sage Journals, 1-1. Salehi, M. (2012). Business Ethics. International Journal of Scientif Research Institute, 1-5. Springer. (Journal Of Business Ethics). Special Issue: on Responsible Business in Social Media. Springer, 1-1. Terblanche, N. S. (2015). Corporate governance and business ethics: Pictures of the policies. Research Gate, 1-1. Business Ethics and Corporate Governance ââ¬â MyAssignmenthelp.com Question: Discuss about the Business Ethics and Corporate Governance Challenges. Answer: Introduction: The scientific research demands the researcher to use the quantitative approach. Additionally, the researcher will conduct interviews and offer the questionnaire to 50 individuals within Maharashtra in Mumbai state in the view of assessing or rather evaluating the corporate governance of the Indiana company reliance commonly referred to as Reliance Industries Limited. This evaluation and collection of data will be done in accordance to the ethical structures that have been formulated to see that the whole activity is a success and is conducted without any form of bias whatsoever (Pandit, 2016). The researcher will go to different organization in the bid of collecting requisite data from different personalities. Practically, the researcher has to put into consideration other individual by allowing different personalities within the organization participate in the auspicious research so as to get clear analysis of data and representation in their work (Zimmerli, Richter, Holzinger, 20 07). This therefore manes that the researcher will use all appropriate tools to collect data in very explicit manner so as to aid them in their analytical work upon collection of the said data. Notably, the conclusions will be made basing their results on the collected data. Similarly, the summation of the collected information will be realized through the use of both Ms Excel and SPSS. It is ideal to state that corporate governance implies the regulation, practices, strategies and rules that is primarily aimed at making the organization dispense their services well. This is majorly aimed at controlling the business effectively in order to meet the set objectives in the market. Therefore, corporate governance is aimed at balancing the interests of the company and that of other stakeholders in the. organization (Vallabhaneni, Association of Professionals in Business Management, 2008). It further provides some of the measures that ought to be adopted by the organization in order to realize its objectives in the business. A total of 39 employees were interviewed from different departments so as to collect important information from those departments and how they carry out their activities in those areas. Similarly, a total of 9 departmental heads were, also interviewed in the same and lastly 2 managers. This data is a clear representation of all the segments within the organization. Analysis of the Corporate Governance The report from the Centre for International Corporate Governance Research., Victoria Graduate School of Business (2006) indicate that the board of directors do influence the corporate governance in an organization since they are the major stakeholder. For this reason, their decision may in one way or another affect the functionality of the venture if it is not well informed. Therefore, it is always prudent for the board of the directors to always deliberate well before coming up with the conclusively decisions so as to allow the firm to continue operating effectively. It is common knowledge that bad governance would result to great loss and thereby poor performance of the organization. This is evident where the Management fails to fully cooperate with the auditor during the auditing process. It has been observed that at times the auditor is provided with inadequate information to carry out their duty effectively. The current chair and the Managing According to Simpson andTaylor (2013) Director of RIL is Ambani Mukesh who has seen the organization realize a lot of success through his constant consultation with the other stakeholders. It is important to state that the firm has really grown in the recent time. This is attributed by the god performance at Forex report which clearly shows the stability and good performance of the firm amid stiff competition posed by other investors in the same line of business (Keinert, 2016). The National Stock Exchange of India Limited showed a substantial improvement of the firm in its operations. It was explicitly clear that approximately 3.46 per cent of its overall shares are captured in on Luxembourg Stock Exchange (Klein, 2016). This is a clear indication of its good performance in the market. There are major subsidiaries and associates of this firm namely; reliance retail, reliance institute of life science and many other firm working closely with the other firm. From the interviews or interrogation with the employees, it was clearly evident that the Management does hear the plight of its employees and puts it into considerations due to their noble role in the organization. 17 out of the total 39 employees who were interviewed stated clearly that they are well motivated in the organization and they would prefer to continue dispensing their services in the venture. The dependent variables sourced from these cases are gifts, incentives, remuneration, and appraisals (Murthy, 2009). The major dependent variable in this case is the motivation which comes in different forms. This shows that, failure to satisfy the above needs, the effort put in place suffers extinction. Therefore, it can have stated that DV has to entirely depend on the Independent variable for it to function effectively (Adelopo, 2016). The good cordial relation in the organization he correlation of the motivation to workability is always a crucial, component that the governance o ught to critically look into so as to improve on the workability of the business in the long run. 22 other employees were not fully contented with the services since they purport that they have never been promoted from their position for a very long period of time and thereby they find this as something that is devastating. This makes most of them opt for greener pastures elsewhere. It is ideal to state that best governance is commensurate to good Management (Martin, 2006). When the manager is able to explain the underlying matter at hand to its staff it may be in a position to understand their situation and cooperate towards the productivity of the organization. Corporate Governance issues About the issue of governance processes, it was found out that the leadership at time is very harsh to its employees making some of them not ready to disclose their issues to the managerial team (Howell Sorour, 2016). Most of the staff that there is some level of variability in leadership applied in the organization and thereby unpredictable to determine the outcome of the leader in case of any query in the premise. Approximately two thirds of the interviewed employees preferred democratic type of leadership since they can be able to air out their challenges effectively to the management without fear of victimization unlike when the leadership being administered is the dictatorial one. Some of the interviewed employees greatly commended their departmental heads for their effort they are putting in place and that spirit of encouraging the employees to continue working as a team (Rezaee, 2009). They are viewed as the team leader since they fully support or advocate for team work. From the collected data it was simple for the researcher to determine the type of leaders using the Blakes managerial grid which characterizes different types of leaders in various categories due to the attributes they possess. Notably, the two managers who were interviewed on the other hand stated that they have been able to move a long way with their employees in a very good manner. However, they noted some of the challenges that they do undergo as an institution since every institution does undergo some level of challenges on their daily basis (Sison, 2008). They further stated they have put some mechanism to see to it that the corporate governance is effective and very accommodative to take into consideration divergent views from different levels of people. Conclusion It can be concluded that the type of governance solely determines the functionality of the organization. Best corporate governance realizes good results for the organization. Moreover. It makes sure that the set objectives of the business are met in a very explicit manner. This also creates conducive environment for the both the employees and the senior manager to dispense their services effectively for the good of the venture and thereby realizing some form of good production for the organization. The pressures or negative forces in the company come as a result of failure in the part of corporate governance which results to entropy in the whole system. Good governance ensures that the good strategies are formulated in the view of bettering the whole system for efficacy purposes. References Adelopo, I. (2016).Auditor independence: Auditing, corporate governance and market confidence. London: Routledge. Centre for International Corporate Governance Research., Victoria Graduate School of Business. (2006).Journal of business systems, governance and ethics. Melbourne: Victoria University. Howell, K. E., In Sorour, M. K. (2016).Corporate governance in Africa: Assessing implementation and ethical perspectives. Keinert, C. (2016).Corporate social responsibility and discrimination: Gender bias in personnel selection. Klein, E. (2016).Corporate governance: Principles, practices and challenges. Martin, D. M. (2006).Corporate governance: Practical guidance on accountability requirements. London: Thorogood. Murthy, C. S. V. (2009).Business ethics and corporate governance. Mumbai: Himalaya Pub. House. Pandit, V. (2016).Ethics, economics and social institutions. Rezaee, Z. (2009).Corporate governance and ethics. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons. Simpson, J., Taylor, J. R. (2013).Corporate governance, ethics, and CSR. London: Kogan Page. Sison, A. G. (2008).Corporate governance and ethics: An Aristotelian perspective. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar. Vallabhaneni, S. R., Association of Professionals in Business Management. (2008).Corporate management, governance, and ethics best practices. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley. Zimmerli, W. C., Richter, K., Holzinger, M. (2007).Corporate ethics and corporate governance. (Springer e-books.) Berlin: Springer. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06630794023674100109noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2255526188638010583.post-87976694493671866562019-11-29T19:38:00.001-08:002019-11-29T19:38:04.858-08:00Big fish essaysBig fish essays Big Fish is a movie about a father and son who arent very close. The son, William Bloom, is angry with his father because the father is always telling stories, or tall tales. The father, Edward Bloom, starts out in the movie telling the story about catching the fish at Williams wedding reception. William is really upset with his dad for telling the stories and storms out of his own reception. This ultimately leads to the fallout, or not talking, between the father and son. William gets a call from his mother, and she tells him his father is ill and that William needs to come home. When William returns home, he finds his father ill and weak, in bed. William wants to find out from his father the truth about Edward's life. All William has known is the stories, but William knows the stories are not true. The movie strays away from reality and goes into the stories behind the fathers life. When Edward was a kid, he and some friends went to an old witchs house, where he was dared to steal her magical eye. Edward gained the courage to go up to the witches door and she shows him something. The witch shows Edward how he and his friends were going to die. Coincidentally the witch was also the character that played Jenny Beaman. Growing up, Edward became the towns pride. He conquered many things in the town of Ashton. Edward volunteered to conquer the giant that was terrorizing the town, the giant known as Karl ends up becoming friends with Edward. Edward convinces Karl the town is just too small and they decide to leave the town together. They encounter many things on their way. Edward strays away from Karl and takes a shortcut, which he ends up in the town of Spectre. He meets people such as the little girl, Jenny Beaman, and Norther Winslow. Edward decides that Spectre isnt the place for him, yet. When Edward finally gets to the point that he meets Karl on the road, they go to the ... Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06630794023674100109noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2255526188638010583.post-33312914163710175372019-11-25T20:02:00.001-08:002019-11-25T20:02:04.683-08:00Advantages and Disadvantages of EAdvantages and Disadvantages of E E-learning is the use technology and different forms of electronic devices in learning or teaching, either through internet or intranet means like online instructors and experts, self-paced studying or delivery of taped information in DVDs and CD-ROM. E-learning can include the use of written text, pictures, virtual information, animations and video or audio (Fuller 2009).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Advantages and Disadvantages of E-Learning specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This enables learners to get information any time and at any location through the web, computers, virtual methods or using digital material. E-learning is not necessarily academic or for the purpose of receiving awards; it includes some basic forms like knowledge databases which offer information on how to perform some specific tasks or guidelines, answers and explanations for questions . There are many advantages and disadvantages of e-lear ning as compared to traditional learning methods. One of the main advantages of e-learning is convenience, in that it enables an individual to access learning material at any time and from any place as long as their electronic devices are properly configured. People who are working or have busy schedules can learn at their own pace without having to meet set time deadlines and without worrying about being late for classes, they do not have to quit their jobs or leave their families when they go to schools or colleges. Studies are done at home where people do not have to travel and so there is no problem of security when travelling to the learning venues (Fuller 2009). Older people who were not able to pursue their studies or people in the corporate world who need to upgrade their skills or gain new skills can learn through the internet and avoid embarrassing and intimidating situations of being in a classroom setting with younger students and having to compete with them for classroo m resources. The flexibility, availability and affordability of e-learning have made it attractive to many companies and organization and most of them use this method in training and educating their staff (Ebner 2007). A company can train its workforce from different parts of the world at the same time from a single location. Individuals can also terminate their studies whenever they feel under pressure, or when they do not have enough time and continue later when they are ready. E-learning has made it easier for people to pursue long distant learning programs especially at graduate and post graduate levels, where people who are doing research projects are able to communicate with their instructors from anywhere. E-learning exposes student to advanced communication technology that provides them with the experience that is helpful to them in the modern corporate world. Due to globalization and the advancement of information technology, organizations have expanded their businesses to different parts of the world. This makes it difficult and expensive to conduct meetings at the company headquarters or at one particular station.Advertising Looking for report on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Many organizations and enterprises are adopting modern communication technology like sending e-mails, on-line memos and the use of video conferencing methods instead of physical meetings. They also store and up-date their information online and so they expect their employees to be conversant with modern systems of information technology if they are going to be competent enough to work for them (Ebner 2007). Another advantage of e-learning is that it allows for opportunities to study anything. There are a variety of different courses in different education levels and from many colleges both local and international, which are on offer in the internet. A student is able to choose their preferred course which might not be offered in the colleges and universities near them. They can also pursue several different courses in the same institution or in different institutions at the same time depending on their flexibility. Scholars who are far from learning institutions can pursue education via the internet at competitive and affordable prices. It is also beneficial to international students, the advancement of communication technology and internet in the world makes it possible for people especially in poor countries in the developing world to have the alternative of pursuing quality education in colleges and universities abroad without having to incur transport, visa and living costs. This also encourages institutions to provide scholarships and learning opportunities since they do not have to take care of the student. This makes it possible for them to acquire knowledge and information that helps them in developing their countries. A greater number of students can also pursue there education since they do not have to rely on government or private support, small enterprises and organizations are also able to sponsor students (Dasgupta 2006). Research information can be retrieved from the internet with the availability of online journals, books, web articles, and magazines, et cetera. E-learning is also cheap as compared to classroom learning with the reduction of print material, furniture and teachers salaries, one reading session can hold a bigger number of student who cannot be contained in a single classroom or lecture theatre (Fuller,2009 ). The created material can be accessed in the internet and it can be easily stored or transferred sometimes with the payment of a small fee, this reduces the necessity of having to go to a library or buying whole books and journals when one is interested in a particular topic or article. This material remains in the internet and it is not easily tampered and so its quality and reliability is guaranteed (Ebner 2007).Adver tising We will write a custom report sample on Advantages and Disadvantages of E-Learning specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Another advantage of e-learning is interacting and socializing with other student who come from different areas, in more advanced situations the use of on-line discussions groups, e-mails and video conferencing enables student to exchange information and reading materials. They can also assist each other with problems in their studies without having to meet through collaborative learning (Ebner 2007). Students can meet other people with similar learning styles who are from different cultures and backgrounds. The interaction and integration of students from different cultures diversifies their learning especially on social and other non-scientific subjects. There are healthier and interesting discussions and debates. Students are able to look at their learning from different perspectives. A disadvantage of e- lear ning is that it requires computer and internet knowledge and skills and most people might not have them, it is highly sophisticated and that makes it expensive (Ebner 2007). It also requires one to have uninterrupted and easy internet and computer access, one must be computer savvy to be able to obtain full advantage of this method of learning and also keep on updating themselves on new technological innovations and developments. People have to keep updating themselves with new material from time to time or else they are left behind in their studies (Fuller 2009). E-learning lacks physical interaction between students and their teachers and among students themselves as compared to a classroom setting. It mainly depends on student initiative and the students are responsible for their learning. This can be a disadvantage to those students who learn at slow pace and need assistance or to ask questions because they might be left behind or miss important points (Dasgupta 2006). It is dif ficult to teach subjects that require discussions and debates because even when there is opportunity for interaction, the time is limited and very few people can participate. E-learning can also be boring and tiring when an individual has to sit in front of a computer or listen to an educational tape or video for many hours alone without any other form of interaction which they can also take part, they can doze off.Advertising Looking for report on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There have been arguments about health problems and issues that are related with spending huge amount of times on computers, some people argue that this has a bad impact on socialization, there are also problems associated with lack of exercise due to long sitting hours like obesity and also eyesight complications (Dasgupta 2006). Another problem of e-learning is that people who have a short concentration span might not be able to concentrate when they are studying, either because of the environments in which they are studying or because they get easily distracted, for example in the case of nursing mothers and housewives. A classroom setting ensures that people have close and one on one contact with their trainers and this can increase their concentration, there are opportunities for teamwork and group work in classes and students can ask questions or discuss. There is also no follow up on students who drop out of e-learning either because they loose interest or because they lack t he time to continue studying or they do not have the competence in using information technology. It is easier for students to copy and cheat in assignments especially when there are no sit-in exams. Students can pay other people to do their assignments for them or submit copied work without being noticed by their supervisors. Another problem is assessing the standard, quality and effectiveness of e-learning based courses. Due to the large number and wide variety of courses offered in e-learning, it is difficult to ascertain the impact and quality of knowledge that many e-learning students acquire and whether they are able to keep and apply the acquired knowledge in their different fields and professions when they get through with their studies (Dasgupta 2006 ). E-learning is also not effective when learning sciences or performing scientific experiments. Although there might be well outlined and elaborated guidelines, there is still need for physical supervision to make sure that stu dents clearly understand and follow the instructions and to also make sure that the results are correct and consistent. This cannot be done through e-learning because the instructor needs to teach and observe every student individually. Most applied sciences which involve practical experiments can only be taught effectively in a classroom or laboratory setting. E-learning can also be challenging when learning languages with parts and sounds that require listening and practicing. Many people learn foreign languages in colleges and e-learning might not effectively deliver this knowledge. E-learning has its many advantages and disadvantages. It is important to note that with the rapid spread and advancement of information technology, it is the best way of acquiring education. It is also preferred when there is time constraint and its costs are much less than those of other traditional forms of teaching (Fuller 2009). Blending of e-learning and other traditional classroom and visual met hods ensures that students are able to receive better and quality education. Reference List Ebner, K., 2007, The Impact of Introducing E-learning Courses. Norderstedt: GRIN. Fuller, C., 2009. Advantages and Disadvantages to eLearning. Web. Available atà https://ezinearticles.com/?Advantages-and-Disadvantages-to-eLearningid=2729026 Dasgupta, S., 2006, Encyclopedia of virtual communities and technologies. London: Idea Group Ltd. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06630794023674100109noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2255526188638010583.post-79623024020175461262019-11-22T03:26:00.001-08:002019-11-22T03:26:02.823-08:00Mechanical Engineering- Mechanical Project Essay - 1Mechanical Engineering- Mechanical Project - Essay Example Mongols, began utilising composite bows around 1200AD, presenting improvements on the utilisation of composites. The Mongols combined wood, bone and animal glue to create a powerful weapon, which provided them with significant military dominance during these ancient times. The modern era of composites began with the development of plastics, which contributed significantly towards increased utilisation of composite materials. The utilisation of plastics began in nearly 1900s, replacing natural resins previously utilised in composites. These plastics, however, had the weakness of lacking sufficient strength for structural requirements (Kulshreshtha and Vasile 2002). Owens Corning remains credited with the introduction of fibre glass in 1935, which ultimately solved the problem of plastics lacking sufficient strength. This invention remains the notable beginning for Fibre Reinforced Polymers (FRP) industry. During the Second World War, demand for alternate materials increased, as they b ecame necessary in the manufacture of lightweight military aircrafts. During this period numerous advancements occurred regarding the production and application of fibre composites. Engineers discovered other advantages as these material remains transparent to radio frequencies utilised during wartime. Many fibreglass reinforced material became adopted in protecting electronic radar equipment. Following the end of the war inventors began making application for the fibreglass within other industries, other than aviation. Brandt Goldsworthy ââ¬â grandfather of composites, developed numerous processes for manufacturing composites utilised in different industries. He remains accredited with development of the first fibreglass surfboard, which revolutionised surfing, and remains commonly utilised even today. This scientist invented pultrusion ââ¬â the process utilised today in the manufacture of many fibreglass materials. The utilisation of composites could be identified as havin g begun maturing. During the 1970s, improvements were made; consequently producing better plastic resins (Seymour and Deanin 1987). Carbon fibre also developed during this period and has continued to replace metal as the material of choice. During the periods preceding these developments, metallic materials were highly utilised in the manufacture of many tools. Currently almost all manufactured tools have handles made from carbon fibre. As the composite industry continues to advance technologically, the 21st century has brought challenges focusing on renewable fibres and green environment. The 21st century concerns have changed the focus towards utilisation of environmentally friendly fibres based on ensuring sustainability on the industry (Johnson 2013). Under the current environmental concerns, inventions continue to occur utilising recyclable resins and bio-degradable fibres. Focus has been exclusively dedicated towards delivering environmentally friendly sustainable fibre source s. The concept of utilising composites in manufacturing various tools remains the same. Various universities and dedicated organisations continue to pursue research seeking to establish utilisation of fibres meeting the energy and environmental requirements of the 21st century. The current focus of composite development remains concerned with delivering environmentally friendly composite materials, and focuses on improving properties of Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06630794023674100109noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2255526188638010583.post-79784526881460842122019-11-20T19:52:00.001-08:002019-11-20T19:52:07.973-08:00Relexology Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 wordsRelexology - Term Paper Example According to the theory of reflexology, different areas on the palms of hands and soles of feet correspond to various organs and glands of the body. Applying pressure on these reflex points stimulates the flow of energy. This creates a balance within the body and brings about a state of relaxation and peace of mind. In reflexology, the term reflex corresponds to ââ¬Ëreflectionââ¬â¢, and comes from the belief that these reflex areas are small mirrors that reflect the internal state of the body (Wills 2004). The oldest evidence of reflexology, dating back to 2500 BC is in the form of a painting that was found from the tomb of ancient Egyptian physician Ankmahar. This painting shows two people, one receiving a foot massage and the other getting a hand massage. Another belief that is particularly held for the reflexology techniques observed among North American Indians is that is that it originated from Incas civilization of ancient Peru in 12000 BC. In 1955, Dr. Henry Bressler pub lished a book called ââ¬ËZone Therapyââ¬â¢ after studying the effects of applying pressure on certain points on feet and its effects on internal organs of the body. He wrote about the use of reflexology techniques in middle Europe countries and also stated its use to date back to the 14th century. Nevertheless, the technique of reflexology came to be realized as a definitive form of healing and therapy when Dr. William Fitzgerald, an ear nose and throat specialist documented that applying pressure to one part of the body can block pain signals in another part of the body, away from where the pressure is applied. He performed various minor surgeries involving ear, nose, jaw, face, throat and shoulder using this technique, without the need of using anesthetics (Keet 2009). In 1917, Dr. Fitzgerald and Dr. Edwin Bowers published their work on reflexology in their book ââ¬ËZone therapyââ¬â¢. It divides the body into ten equal longitudinal zones through an imaginary line runni ng from the top of the head, down through the center of the body. Five equal zones on each side of the imaginary line end on the soles and palms. Zone one starts from the thumb, includes the arm, shoulder neck and the brain. Running downwards it moves straight towards the big toe. Zone two starts from index finger, running up to include the corresponding areas on the arm, shoulder, neck and brain, it moves down towards the second toe. The third zone starts from middle finger and includes the arm, shoulder, neck, brain and runs down towards the third toe. Zone four starts from the ring finger and includes arm shoulder neck and brain and runs down towards the fourth toe. Fifth zone starts from the little finger and extends up the arm to include shoulder, neck and brain and then down the body up to the fifth toe. Each zone includes the muscles and organs underlying its division. Dr. Fitzgerald also gave courses on reflexology and soon medical practitioners started adopting these techni ques and incorporating them in their practice. The credit for the development of this pressure point technique from ââ¬Ëzone therapyââ¬â¢ to ââ¬Ëreflexologyââ¬â¢ goes to Eunice Ingham, who is considered as ââ¬Ëmother of reflexologyââ¬â¢ by many (Keet 2009). She related the zones on feet to the anatomical structure of the body. She also documented the higher sensitivity of feet to Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06630794023674100109noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2255526188638010583.post-16530637178660813942019-11-18T22:05:00.001-08:002019-11-18T22:05:03.636-08:00Inclusive Education of Children with Autism EssayInclusive Education of Children with Autism - Essay Example But to what extent is this possible; and what else needs to be done Truthfully, a lot more needs to be done for these methods of inclusive education to be successful. Some areas have excellent access to schooling systems equipped to teach children with autistic spectrum disorders while others have no provisions to handle these disabilities. This paper will look at some of the methods that have been researched worldwide, which of these methods are currently available, and how accessible these methods are to the children today in the United Kingdom. Strategies and ideas of what else needs to be done will also be discussed, as will be the results these methods have had to those children who have been lucky enough to gain access to inclusive education. Autism is used to refer to a group of neurological disorders. These disorders interfere with the development of a child's behavioural and social communications skills (McLelland, 1999); often leaving the child to be seen as withdrawn-as though he or she is living enclosed in a world all alone. Autistic children frequently show impressive abilities, such as playing music with no mistakes after only hearing a piece once; however, these abilities are sometimes shadowed by a difficulty with speaking and perfecting some motor skills. These difficulties are commonly coupled with a seeming inability to effectively relate to others (McLelland, 1999). Autistic spectrum disorders, including Rett's Disorder and Asperger's Syndrome, have had a large effect on the classroom due to the lack of understanding and knowledge about the disorder. Because of some apparent disabilities, many autistic children find that they need some supervision throughout their lives. This constant need for supervision can make teaching in formal institutions difficult as autistic children need much more attention than healthy children without disabilities (McLelland, 1999). The question stands, though, as to what extent the need to become inclusive has been met. Forty-five teachers in the United States were surveyed regarding their students with Asperger's Syndrome and the behaviours of those students in relation to the interaction received by their respective teachers (Hartman, 2001). The study was implemented to compare the behavioural interruptions or problems between autistic children in a special education environment versus those in a general education. Many of the problems found were abrupt interruptions, agitation, victimization, and difficulty following oral instructions. Other problems frequently included distractibility, strong, adverse reactions to change, and difficulty communicating wants and needs on the part of the student (Hartman, 2001). This study brought to both the medical community and the education teams the need for world-wide adjustment within the education systems to better include children with autistic spectrum disorders. Concerns of this need have since spread through the United Kingdom (Irish Times, 2005). While an Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA) approach to teaching has been Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06630794023674100109noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2255526188638010583.post-77768498793403251002019-11-16T10:37:00.001-08:002019-11-16T10:37:06.994-08:00The relationship marketingThe relationship marketing Introduction Relationship marketing has become a widely applied and recognised way in which the hotel industry has been able to sell itself to guests. Prior to the start of the essay, the definition of relationship marketing must be addressed. Kotler et al. (2007) defines relationship marketing as the process in which the construction, cultivation and strengthening of strong value laden relationships with customers and other stakeholders occur. Another way relationship marketing can be defined is as with Dwyer et al. (1987, p. 12) both business marketing and consumer marketing benefit from attention to conditions that foster relational bonds leading to reliable repeat purchase. With this in mind, the idea that relationship marketing is a marketing strategy used in the context of the hotel industry for increased benefits both financial and otherwise via repeated purchases will be applied to within the scope of this essay. Recent shifts from the traditional side of transactional marketing to the inception of relationship marketing in recent times has seen a softer approach rather than a dominant approach to making sales transactions, and thus increases the relevance of the application of relationship marketing to the hotel industry. (Gummesson, 1999) While there are many perceptions as well as views to the notion of relationship marketing, this essay intends to focus on the advantages as well as the drawbacks of relationship marketing within the hotel industry, recommendations as well as propositions with regards its future directions will too be discussed with relevance to the question. Pros of Relationship Marketing Customer Loyalty A significant benefit that can be derived from successful relationship marketing (RM) in a business is the development of loyalty in customers. Hennig-Thurau, Gwinner Gremler (2002) mentioned that customer loyalty and positive word-of-mouth recommendations are usually the two outcomes of effective RM. Furthermore, it is further emphasised by Reynold Beatty (1999) that RM can provide exclusive benefits for customers, consequently reducing competition from other businesses that offer the same product which can thus assist in the achievement of consumer loyalty. Oliver (1997) defines loyalty as a close bonding between the consumer and the seller which results in frequent purchase of a certain product or service from the same supplier, despite the influence from other competitors which has the potential to evoke switching behaviour in consumers. The concept of customer loyalty has long been regarded as an important aspect of the integral operations occurring in organisations nowadays, as companies are becoming increasingly aware of the rewards to be reaped in the form of superior financial performance in the long run. This is further supported by Dowling Uncles (1997) purporting that loyal customers are more likely to spend additionally and often make favourable recommendations to other potential customers. In addition, McMullan Gilmore (2008) noted that greater knowledge and understanding of customer loyalty may allow companies to align their management strategies to meet the different needs of its customers in a more effective manner and hence, resulting in a more profitable business. Therefore, many hotels in todays world have implemented their own customer relationship management (CRM) system in order to offer their customers a unique and satisfying experience by accurately identifying the various needs of customers. Lo, Stalcup Lee (2010) stated that the concept of CRM has evolved over the past decades into a strategy employed by many organisations to integrate the different aspects present in the company, so that a greater understanding of their customers can be attained and ultimately, resulting in a long-term profitable relationship between the customers and themselves. However, it is crucial for hotels not to overlook other areas that are closely related to the concept of customer loyalty, instead of just merely focusing on the establishment of an effective CRM system. Customer loyalty is often linked to other service management concepts such as customer satisfaction and customer centricity. Businesses including the hotel industry should be mindful and take into consideration these other concepts that might affect the development of customer loyalty the ultimate aim of successful RM. It is also critical for hotels to recognise the obstacles impeding them from instilling loyalty in customers. One of the more noteworthy obstacles includes unresolved areas of dissatisfaction in consumers which, if left unattended, can result in dropping sales and profitability (McMullan Gilmore 2008). Therefore, a two-way communication becomes all the more essential for businesses to understand what customers want and knowing how to deal with dissatisfaction Lastly, managers should always assess the pros and cons of a loyalty program before implementing them, so that resources get measured and managed. Focus on Customer Retention Another advantage derived from relationship marketing is the increased profitability that stems from the retention as opposed to capturing new customers. Firstly, customer retention can be defined as the ability of a firms offer for a customer to purchase or patronage its product over a specific time period. (Shajahan, S, 2004. p.109) This occurs when, in the context of this essay, a hotel adopts a customer management orientation where it seeks to apply RM to retain its customers. Customer retention reduces marketing costs and as such benefits the hotel financially. This means that hotels need to spend potentially less money to attract customers they have lost as a result of the defection of its existing ones. This was exemplified in a study showing increase in profit by 25% to 125% in a company when it retained 5% more of its customers. (Reichheld, F Sasser, WE, 1990) This can be done by the hotel developing a customer retention strategy and thus focussing its energies on particular customers in which they would like to retain. This is as not all customers are worth the additional effort as well as cost to retain, certain customers are with more important with regards to their perceived value to the company as well as potential for development in the future (Buttle F, 2009). In the context of a hotel for example, a hotel might want to centre its attention on the higher spending, more affluent members of its clientele, as they represent more profits for the c ompany as compared to the ordinary spending customer that patronises the hotel. With these measures and understanding of customer retention in place, hotels can reap increased profits as an advantage of relationship marketing. Word-of-mouth (WOM) Advertising As mentioned earlier in this paper, one of the desired outcomes of successful RM is the positive word-of-mouth recommendations by satisfied customers. WOM has been regarded as a powerful tool of communication which can influence consumers purchasing behaviour and judgements (John 1994). Sweeney, Soutar Mazzarol (2008) further elaborated that WOM behaviour plays an influential role in promotion and it is very important especially in businesses that provide services such as hotels. Zeithaml (1981) reinstated that WOM creates significant impacts in service organisations because the intangibility of service made it impossible for consumers to pre-trial the product before purchasing it. Hence, it is paramount that hotel operators are aware that WOM behaviour can affect them to a large extent. Though significant repercussions may prove to be an issue if negative words about the company were to spread around, operators of hotels should be forewarned of the positives that WOM marketing can provide for them. For instance, WOM can reduce geographical boundaries that used to exist in traditional marketing, especially true with the increased affluence of internet in our modern society today. This is supported by Trusov, Bucklin Pauwels (2009) stating that the use of Internet can provide many various platforms and avenues for users to share their views and opinions with one another. In addition, it also serves as an advertising channel which can lower costs and ensure that consumers receive the message in the shortest possible time. Costs Savings for Businesses As most organisations face difficulties in nurturing and maintaining long-term relationships with their customers (1999), the advancement of information technology (IT) has significantly improved efficiency and decreased the costs associated with RM. For customers, RM through the use of IT will ensure a better understanding and better fit for marketing efforts (Xu, Yen, Lin Chou 2002). For hotels, RM through the use of IT means moving from general market segmentation to a more definitive segmentation while enhancing the level of intimacy between the hotel and her guests (Gummesson 1994). Barlow (1992) concurs that generally, guests desires to be communicated with on a one-on-one basis. Based on past data collected through the use of information systems and property management systems, hotels are able to utilise sequential data in RM (Grà ¶nroos 1995). Berry (1995) perceives that the use of IT in customer RM will facilitate information exchange, allow possible tracking of buying patterns, and the personalisation of service experience. This translates into cost-savings for the hotel for their marketing efforts. Understanding the Market Relationship marketing can be taken advantage to narrow the demand gap for accommodation rooms caused by seasonality of tourism demand. As mentioned by Butler (2001), seasonality in tourism exacerbates problems relating to capital access, retention of skilled labour and the under-utilisation of resources such as hotel rooms. Generally, the two main causes of seasonality in tourism has been identified as natural causes and institutionalised causes (Hartmann 1986). Weather conditions can often lead to the seasonality of demand in tourism (Kozak Rimmington 2000). As such, the ski industry has a large turnover rate of employees and often, ski resorts are vacant during the summer (Ismert Petrick 2004). Based on the geographical environment that it is in, hotels can actually sell nature tourism to potential guests during the off peak seasons. By having leisure activities at the destination, it creates a compelling justification for travellers to stay over. This form of marketing would be best communicated via the use of relationship marketing as hotels will have a better understand of guests preferences. Similarly, hotels can utilise existing guest records to target those that do not have work obligations for instance, and those that they deem as potential guests. During the low-peak seasons, hotels can make use of that as a selling advantage. A different group of guests may be attracted as a result of marketing the hotel to be quiet and peaceful. For example, by creating special packages that addresses accessibility issues, and includes a wide variety of leisure options and accommodation standards for the elderly, the hotel is able to tap on the retired greying population and boost room occupancy rates even during these periods. Cons of Relationship Marketing Importance of Recognising Cultural Differences One of the disadvantages of RM, and especially so for global hotel businesses, is that cultural differences are not being recognized when a single approach is being implemented for different societies. Culture must be first defined in this essay as an integrated system of learned behaviour patterns that are distinguishing characteristics of the members of any given society (Czinkota, MR Ronkainen, IA, 2007 p.54) This would mean that different cultures adopt different mindsets on various issues, attitudes and feelings. In the context of this essay this means various cultures respond differently with respect to RM in hotels. For example, Chinese tourists attach great significance to ritualistic behaviour such as a smile, greeting or a hand-shake as part of a service orientated experience which represents respect and importance of the guests. In the UK, however, ritual greetings by hotel employees are rare; furthermore interactions with guests from Chinese cultures are inclined to be h indered by language barriers. (Wang,Y. Vela,MR. Tyler, K.2008) This means that tourists from a Chinese culture would be affected in ways that guests from for example, a western culture would not be. Hotels therefore are faced with the constant challenge of providing a positive service experience for a variety of visitors with different expectations and needs. It is also noted that RM in the Chinese cultural setting is approached in a different manner than how it is done in western cultures. In the former, it is custom to establish kuan-hsi (networking/relationship) first followed by the business dealing. However in western cultures, a closer relationship is fostered only after the business dealing, with the view of acquiring further business opportunities. (Gilbert, DTsao, J,2000) In the hotels context this would mean that international hotel chains such as Starwood would have to deal with local suppliers or partners in different ways with regards to business dealings. A deal in China would not be approached in the same way as a deal in New York, lest offending or putting off potential suppliers. Hence the challenges faced by global hotel brands in RM with regards to different cultures. Involvement of High Costs for Training and Software Because of the different approaches to RM and a need to recognise these different cultural elements, hotel employees are required to undergo a stringent training process. As Zelkowitz (2005) advocates, the high costs related to relationship marketing generally spawns from the recruitment and training of staff. Thus, it contributes to the additional costs of the hotel. Furthermore, managing relationships have now been rarely limited to just the customer and the business, but also relationships with other stakeholders such as agencies and other suppliers which have different levels of integration and ways of operating. As a result of these complexities identified, many hotels are utilising integrated RM software to simplify their business operations process and effectively manage these multiple relationships. As such, this technology acquisition contributes to ongoing operating costs for the hotel and can be viewed as a form of maintenance (Little Marandi 2003). Counter Productivity of Relationship Marketing While trying to meet the needs of existing loyal guests, RM may have an adverse impact on customer loyalty. Sending unsolicited promotional materials such as mass customised emails to guests may risk jeopardising the relationship the hotel has with the guest (Brown Muchira 2004; Prasad, Ramamurthy Naidu 2001). At the same time, RM can result in guests being bombarded with promotional messages from various hotels that they have previously lived in. Bowie and Buttle (2004) believe that customer loyalty can only be dedicated to a small number of brands. Thus, overloading of information via marketing might be counterproductive and will eventually result in less benefits for both the hotel and the customers (Jayachandran, Sharma, Kaufman Raman 2005). Although RM might be able to anticipate guests needs and wants by accessing sequential records in the information system, it is important to remember that individual guests may not always desire for the same product and service even when b eing at the same property (Bowie Buttle 2004). Negligence of Existing Customers RM can be detrimental to any business if used in an improper manner. For instance, certain hotels may tend to use RM or tailor their strategies toward acquiring new markets whilst at the same time, lesser emphasis is placed on managing existing guest relationships. As previously established, the cost of attaining a new customer is five to six times more than retaining a loyal guest (Ndubisi, Malhotra Wah 2009), meaning some hotels suffer from the leaky bucket syndrome as they seem more interested in attracting new customers rather than retaining existing ones (Dowling Uncles 1997; Gummesson 1994). Limitations and Recommendations It has been widely accepted that the main objectives of relationship marketing and management is to establish long lasting relationships between the hotel and its guests through the increase in consumer knowledge and also establishing a two way relationship which is mutual and beneficial for both parties (Llamas-Alonso, Jimenez-Zarco, Martinez-Ruiz Dawson, 2009). The aforementioned points suggest that sound relationship management can lead to several benefits that increase the value of the hotel, provide competitive advantages, and enhance its competitive market positioning, which is then translated to the improvement in the hotels financial performance (Ryals, 2005; Boulding, Staelin, Ehret, Johnston, 2005). However, evidence also points out that effective relationship marketing requires heavy investment in information and communication technologies (ICTs) and also much effort in order to maintain these long-term relationships (Little Marandi 2003). Henceforth, this section aims t o explore existing limitations pertinent in the implementation of a relationship marketing strategy in hotels and subsequently, propose recommendations to address some of these issues identified. A plethora of research have been done in the area of CRM and they all seem to concur that the CRM framework no longer refers to just relationships between the business and the consumer, but also other organisations and parties interconnected within the framework, one where Gummesson (2004) has termed as a complex network of relationships. Several authors continue to expound on this, stating that these relationships frequently involve different mechanisms of governance, instruments of authority and control, levels of integration, and purposes which thus contributes to this complexity (Achrol Kotler, 1999; Rindfleisch Moorman, 2001), making CRM difficult to implement successfully. According to the Gartner Group ( 2002) and authors Srinivasan Moorman (2005), this complexity also mean certain aspects have not been addressed and thus constitutes to one of the reasons why a high percentage of CRM projects have failed and not liven up to the expectations of it. Hence, it is now understoo d that while these challenges are difficult to address, overcoming the complexity is integral for relationship marketing strategies to be successful within any hotel business. The multidimensional nature of relationship marketing entails proper foundations be established by the hotel management before the implementation of any CRM strategies. It is therefore recommended that the strategic objectives to be achieved by implementing CRM be defined clearly in the early in the planning stages. This ensures that it is clearly aligned to the overall hotel objectives and will thus be able to contribute strongly to hotel operations. As managing multiple relationships become more complex, it is also recommended that a performance management tool specifically catered toward CRM should be established in order to evaluate the success of the CRM strategy. This proposal builds upon the works of Sin, Tse Yim (2005), which proposes a potential tool for measuring performances in relationship marketing, defining the concept as a multidimensional construct consisting of four broad areas strategy, people, technology and processes. Therefore, this approach of recognising other dimensions will enable the hotel to take on a more holistic approach toward relationship marketing and CRM. Furthermore, with technology being increasingly relied on in managing these relationships, these evaluative tools will be able to measure the success of these information systems to ensure it delivers its intended outcomes. As mentioned earlier in this paper, relationship marketing not only refer to creating strong and long-lasting relationships with hotel guests, but also extends to other stakeholders such as suppliers and potential and existing employees (Christopher, Payne Ballatyne, 1991). Employees play a decisive role in managing relationships with guests since they become partners and co-producers in the customer experience (Llamas-Alonso et al., 2009). While most CRM strategies have tended to focus on guest satisfaction, guest loyalty and other areas relation to customer attitudes toward the hotel brand, it is then recommended that equal emphasis be placed on managing employee relationships and suppliers alike in order to increase the probability of successfully delivering the intended outcomes of the overall relationship marketing strategy. Benefits of Recommendations The development of measurement systems will allow hotel managers to anticipate how CRM will work and determine the way CRM will influence the achievement of the hotels strategic objectives. By designing and implementing a balanced, complex, and multi-dimensional measurement system, hotels will then be able to anticipate the future ability of CRM to achieve its objectives through a predictive performance measurement system or establish the level of real success achieved by CRM through an evaluative performance measurement system (Llamas-Alonso et al., 2009). Additionally, the implementation of evaluative measures in hotels will be able to provide important information to key decision-makers, allowing them to determine whether their efforts are on track with the overall relationship marketing strategy. Also, it will help managers to understand whether their programs are succeeding or failing by signalling potential managerial problems when the performance indicators are not able to track in the desired function (Llamas-Alonso et al., 2009). Above all, these measures will encourage hotel managers to take initiative and be accountable, at the same time, clarifying the process for the expectations and requirements of policy makers. The implementation of Performance Management and Control Systems (PMCS) with a predictive orientation will essentially help to minimise the risks of decision making and pave the way for hotel strategies to be executed, consequently improving the return on investments associated with the implementation of relationship marketing programs (Argyres, 1999). Furthermore, as Llamas-Alonso et al. (2009) purports, comparing the predictive and achieved objectives in the hotel will be able to establish the divergences between the expected results and the achieved results, thus improving efficiency and efficacy of the relationship marketing strategy as well. Conclusion After a thorough analysis of the relationship marketing concept within the of hotel industry, it is evident that relationship marketing if utilised appropriately, can lead to significant potential benefits for the hotel business. Such benefits include positive word of mouth recommendations to future customers as a direct result of customer loyalty, greater cost savings for business, increasing occupancy rate during off-seasons and also, customer retention all of which translates into higher profits and improving the overall functionality of the hotel. Despite the benefits gained, relationship marketing can also present several drawbacks to hotel operators. In todays world, globalisation has allowed the interactions between people of different ethnicity and cultural practice to take place more frequently. This means that understanding different cultures and learning to deal with different people becomes all the more relevant and could potentially sap large amount of time and effort. In addition to this, the costs required to establish a CRM system and training employees to be proficient in it can be exorbitant. It should be noted however, that these are investments that need to be made in order for relationship marketing to be implemented successfully and thus entail proper planning and objectives setting. Furthermore, the multidimensional nature of relationship marketing means hotels face much complexity. Hence, it is imperative that performance measures with an evaluative focus should be utilised in order to ensure the success of a relationship marketing strategy. It was also noted in this paper that relationships with suppliers and especially employees need to be managed as well, since the latter contribute to delivering the overall guest satisfaction. The adoption of a relationship marketing approach involves a great challenge for the firm, since it means a different way of understanding the marketing strategy, the market and the approach to the guest. Above all, hotel businesses need to be able to communicate this strategy to its staff, and ensure that the relationship marketing strategy is fully embraced and the organisation fully aligned to it in order for the business to face the multitude of challenges for the future. List of References Achrol, R. S. Kotler, P. 1999, Marketing in the network economy [special issue], Journal of Marketing, vol. 63, pp. 146-163. Argyres, N. S. 1999, The impact of information technology on coordination: Evidence from the b-stealth bomber, Organisation Science, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 162. 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Srinivasan, R. Moorman, C. 2005, Strategic firm commitments and rewards for customer relationship management in online retailing, Journal of Marketing, vol. 69, pp. 193-200. Shajahan, S 2006, Relationship marketing: text and cases, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi. Sweeney, JC, Soutar, GN Mazzarol, T 2008, Factors influencing word of mouth effectiveness: receiver perspectives, European Journal of Marketing, vol. 42, issue à ¾, pp. 344- Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06630794023674100109noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2255526188638010583.post-66337497505497314172019-11-13T23:07:00.001-08:002019-11-13T23:07:02.876-08:00Comparing a McDonalds Advertisement and a Walkers Advertisement EssaysComparing a McDonalds Advertisement and a Walkers Advertisement Both advertisements are popular food products. McDonalds are very famous all over the world; the company is based in America and started off there. Walker's crisps are a British company. When you hear the name Walkers, you often think of walkers crisps. Both of these companies sell there products to a range of people. Younger people generally purchase more of these products than older people. In the McDonald advert, they are trying to tell the audience that their restaurant isn't just for teenagers, but for all ages. They have shown this through the characters in the advert. They also are trying to promote that McDonalds is a class less place where you can go to eat, they show this by using different people with different colours of skin and showing costumes of builders, school kids, actors and etc. the people also do not speak to one another. The only signal to each other is when the man and woman look at each other and nod as if they are approving of the food they have been served. The people look happy and are moving briskly away to the sound track. The clothes that people where show the occupation that they are involved in. The Walkers advertisement however is a lot more relaxed and humorous. The first scene starts off with a group of children. The scene is also set in the past, maybe the early 1950's, you can tell this because the road is full of cobble stones, the clothes and hair styles are old fashioned, also the picture of the overall picture and the buildings in the background have all been made duller. The story seems to be that a little boy has been bull... ...re they could have fitted that in. I also think that they will be successful in promoting that anyone can go to McDonalds because business people who are in a rush may need something quick to eat and relate quick to McDonalds. However there is a down side that McDonalds is unhealthy and that may go against them. The Walkers advertisers in my opinion should have made their advert relate and apply to a much wider age range. They had a good idea about using Gary Liniker because football fans might want to eat what Gary's eating so they buy those crisps. I think the ad won't be as successful as the McDonalds ad but still promote walkers a bit. Out the two advertisements I feel that the McDonalds ad will be the most successful because the product price has been reduced and they are appealing over a wider audience range. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06630794023674100109noreply@blogger.com0