MBA Math Skills Every Business Student Needs

While some math requirements will vary by program, there are several MBA math skills that every business student needs to succeed. These skills can be obtained (or brushed up on) online, as part of a GMAT prep program or in a math refresher course, such as the pre-MBA math boot camps offered by many business schools. Some of the most important MBA math skills involve basic number sense, algebra, calculus, statistics, and probability. Basic Number Sense Basic number sense may seem elementary, but it is important because it is the foundation for all of the business math you will do in an MBA program. You should be able to understand symbolic representation (i.e. the different ways numbers can be represented), how numbers relate to each other, and how numbers can be used in real-world situations. More specifically, you should be able to: Represent numbers as percents, fractions, and decimalsPerform conversions on percents, fractions, and decimalsSolve problems using percents, decimals, fractions, and mixed numbersSimplify mathematical expressions using the appropriate order of operations Algebra for Business Reviewing all the algebra you learned in high school is a must. Algebra is used constantly in business math, particularly in economics, finance, and statistics courses. You can start your preparation by reviewing the definitions of key terms like variable, constant, exponent, and operator. After that, you should practice simplifying algebraic expressions, evaluating algebraic expressions with multiple variables, and expanding algebraic expressions using the distributive property. Finally, take time to learn how to: Solve linear equationsSolve systems of linear equationsSolve quadratics by factoringSimplify and solve binomialsSimplify and solve polynomials Calculus for Business Most business school professors will help you understand the calculus you need to know as you go through the curriculum. However, if you spend all your time learning the math while youre in a program, youll get a lot less out of most courses than you should. Its a good idea to master a few essential calculus skills prior to the start of your program. Here are specific concepts to know before you go: Function composition and graphingFunction operationsLimits of functionsSlopes and rates of changeDerivatives and differentiationMinimum and maximum valuesExponentials and logarithmsDefinite and indefinite integrals Statistics for Business Statistical analysis is a common task in many MBA courses.  It is important to understand key measures, such as measures of central tendency and measures of spread or dispersion, as well as key properties of populations and samples. Brushing up on the following statistics concepts will help you ace your coursework: Calculate mean, median, mode, and rangeCalculate the standard deviationCalculate normal distributionIdentify shifts in the meanCalculate statistical significanceInterpret sampling distributionEstimate sample and population variance Probability for Business When it comes to MBA math, knowing how to calculate probabilities is helpful but not absolutely essential. However, it is important to know how to use numerical probabilities to interpret scenarios, clarify information in uncertain scenarios, and communicate the probability of certain events occurring. You should know how to define all of the following terms: Dependent eventIndependent eventSimple eventCompound eventComplementary eventMutually exclusive eventNon-mutually exclusive eventConditional probability MBA Math Every MBA student  takes at least one finance class. If youre specializing in a finance-related track, youll take quite a few finance classes. The curriculum will be much easier to navigate if you are familiar with finance mathematics. Some of the specific topics youll want to study before heading off to business school include the time value of money, rates of return, and interest formulas. You should be able to calculate: Present and future valuesRequired rate of returnSimple rate of returnModified rate of returnInternal rate of returnSimple interest and compound interest Math for Accounting Like finance classes, accounting classes are practically  inevitable in an MBA program. Youll spend a lot of time working with financial statements, which means you need to be comfortable with common financial ratios. Understanding these ratios will help you analyze trends and perform ratio analysis. You should learn how to calculate: Liquidity ratiosFinancial leverage ratiosProfitability ratiosAsset turnover ratiosDividend policy ratios

Constantine s Declaration Of The Edict Of Milan - 1843 Words

Constantine’s declaration of the Edict of Milan left a lasting impact on Roman society. The Edict of Milan allowed the tolerance of all religions, which influenced laws surrounding religion. This investigation will evaluate the following research question: To what extent did Constantine’s Edict of Milan, issued in 313 C.E., affect the spread of Christianity in Rome until its collapse? The investigation will address if the Edict of Milan was a turning point for Christianity in Rome, and if it had greater impact on the Eastern or Western Roman Empire. To gather knowledge on the matter, the investigation will be relying heavily on books presenting the history of Christianity, Emperor Constantine, and The Edict of Milan itself. By examining The Edict of Milan and the religions of settlements surrounding the Roman Empire, this investigation will measure the impact Constantine’s Edict of Milan in Rome from 313 C.E. until its fall. The origin of my first source, Christi anity: A Global History, was a book written by David Chidester as a secondary source in 2000. There is little reveal of the author’s perspective because the historic information regarding Christianity was comprised of primarily unarguable fact. The author’s purpose in writing this piece was to provide readers with knowledge on the global foundation of Christianity. The author is also a scholar in religious studies, and is currently a professor teaching about religion at Cape Town University in South Africa. TheShow MoreRelatedConstantine And Empress Helen Their Impact On Christianity1479 Words   |  6 PagesTopic: Constantine and Empress Helena: Their Impact on Christianity -Who was Constantine?: Constantine was believed to be born on February 22, either in 272 or 273 AD. The exact date and year is not definite. He was the son of Marcus Flavius Valerius Constantius Herculius Augustus (mainly known as Constantius Chlorus) and Flavia Iulia Helena Augusta (mainly known as Saint Helena). His father was an officer of the army, and his mother was an inn keeper’s daughter. His father later divorced his motherRead MoreThe Roman Catholic Church s Influence And Governance Over Europe Throughout The Middle Ages1936 Words   |  8 Pagesrefers to the period between the Conversion of Constantine in 313CE and the onset of the Renaissance Period during the early 14th century. In addition, this essay will examine and account for change in the institution and theology of the Roman Catholic Church. It will identify the nature and importance of continuity and the diversity of causes and outcomes of the Church’s influence through a range of historical perspectives. Since the conversion of Constantine in 313CE, Christianity transformed from a

Effectively Communicating in an Interpersonal Relationship Free Essays

string(125) " good for a person because at times we will find ourselves attracted to people that share the same culture basis that we do\." Effectively Communicating in an Interpersonal Relationship To the newly wedded couple, It has occurred to me that our current generation seems to lack the ability to communicate effectively with in an interpersonal relationships and it is through cooperation, collaboration, and compromise that an effective flow of communication occurs. If we analyzing and studying the communication process of both sending and receiving information, we can improve our ability to communicate effectively between one another. To have a successful interpersonal relationship one must first interact with others, which is called interpersonal communication. We will write a custom essay sample on Effectively Communicating in an Interpersonal Relationship or any similar topic only for you Order Now † (Hybels, 2007) We spend most of our lives interacting with each other, with a dozen different reasons to talk to different people. We will tend to say things differently depending on who we are speaking too. So there is a lot more to communication that just putting words together and saying them out loud for the other person to hear. The ability to communicate effectively takes real skill and learning this skill never ends, even in a marriage. Being able to communicate effectively is probably one of the most important skills a person can have in a marriage, as the main cause for divorce is the lack of communication between one another. You are the only person that can say what you want your spouse to hear, so if you don’t know how to express what you want to say or explain your intentions clearly, the other one could easily take what you say and turn your own words agains you. So the best way to avoid this situation is to be assertive in how you communicate. When I say you must be assertive, I mean you must express your feelings and ideas openly, honestly, and take responsibility for your actions. It is also being willing to listen to what the other one is saying and respect them no matter how different their opinions may be from yours. You also need to be able to recognizing the emotions in one another, as it is a very important first step to building a good relationship. If one cannot feel what the other one is feeling, then you simply cannot connect with them on a personal or emotional level and that can deeply hinder one’s relationship process. Interpersonal communication is important because of the functions it achieves. Whenever we engage in communication with another person, we seek to exchange information with them, we also communicate information through a wide variety of verbal and nonverbal cues. Spoken communication has huge effects on all aspects of our life, to including interpersonal relationships, just as speaking and telling our needs and wants verbally or non-verbally is a necessity for our daily lives. Within our daily lives of both work and home, when we exchange information with our spouse, our verbal communication is organized by our language, whereas nonverbal communication is not. We spend about 75 percent of our day communicating our knowledge, thoughts, experiences, and ideas to each other. (Allis, 2002) What we don’t realize is that a lot of our communication is not made up of the oral or written form but of the nonverbal form. In communications involving two or more people, our messages are sent on two levels simultaneously and if the verbal cues are not congruent with the nonverbal cues, then the flow of communication is hindered. Correct or not, if the receiver of the communication will base the intentions of the sender on the nonverbal cues that they recieved. Most couples believe that they will communicate better because of the fact that they are in a relationship with this person and the depth of their personal knowledge and connectivity. (Schoenberg, 2011) All of this is based on the assumption that your significant other understands your intent even though your verbal and nonverbal signals are not matching up. So you two have to be cognizant of the nonverbal signals that you send to each other. Nonverbal cues can be categorized into two sections: vocal and visual. The vocal side of nonverbal communication involves timbre (quality and tone), pitch (inflection), intensity (volume), tempo (speed), rhythm, and pauses (silence). Whereas the visual side of nonverbal communication involves your eyes, face, body posture, and hand gestures. â€Å"Before a person makes an attempt to form an interpersonal relationship, they must decide what attracts them to that person. There are many factors that make up attractions to other: physical attractions, perceived gain, similarities, differences, and proximity are a few of them. (Hybels, 2007) As you too were attracted to each other from the start, it is common with most people to be attracted to each other by the way they look, some people might have certain distinct characteristics that they find more attractable then others. Tall or short, blonde or brunette hair, blue or green eyes, muscular or slender, or even freckles are many things that attract us to one another but if there is no attractions, you are going to be less likely to walk up to someone and strike up a conversation them. For example, I am covered from wrists to neck to waist with tattoos and I have found that they inhibit my ability to have a good first impression on many of the professors that I have had over the last several years of college. I didn’t notice it at first but over time I saw that I received a warmer reception and instruction from my teachers when I had long sleeves on but if I gave the instructor time to get to know me. I could slowly start to show tattoos and it would not affect how the instructor acted towards me. On the opposite side though, I have met very interesting and smart people that had just as many tattoos as I did because of the shared similarities that we had. The similarities and differences can be a major factor in determining if a relationship will be good for a person because at times we will find ourselves attracted to people that share the same culture basis that we do. You read "Effectively Communicating in an Interpersonal Relationship" in category "Papers" It is not a hard reach though to see why people are often attracted to people who enjoy the same things as we do but people can also be attracted to the differences in personalities. For example, people who don’t like making decisions might be attracted to a stronger decision maker. Because these characteristics complement each other, they might help strengthen the relationship. † (Hybels, 2007) So keep this in mind when you two are communicating with each other and it seems that what you are trying to send in not being received properly, as your nonverbal cues or bodily language might be sending something entirely different. As important as sending the right signals both verbally and nonverbally, effective listening is just as important in any relationship. When one listens to another, it shows that you respect them and care about what the other person is trying to communicate. There are three important types of listening and they are active, critical, and empathic. (Sole, 2011) Active listening is assertive communication that develops a sense of trust, were the person talking gets the feeling that you know what they are trying to communicate is getting to you. In doing this, you two will build a stronger bond and trust each other more in what you say and do. Critical listening is an analytical and rational process of listening, in where you analysis what is being said, process the information, and make a judgement on what was meant. After one has been in a relationship for a while the critical listening will not be needed, as empathic listening will tend to take over. Empathic listening is listening to your spouse when they have an issue or problem that they just need to talk about and know that you are there to listen. So when you empathetically listen, you set aside your own feelings and concentrate on comforting you spouse in their time of emotional need. Once you can use empathic listening in your relationship, you will be able to reflect on what is being said and respond back on the same emotional level of the person communicating but empathic listening is something that takes time in a relationship and you cannot force emotions but you can just be there for your spouse. It is obvious that you too have already made the initial approach to each other but there can be times in you relationship that you will have to make the approach again because a new or different situation has developed. So it is good to know that once we have approached someone, the next steps of forming an interpersonal relationship would be our motives for communicating. Your motives for getting married can easily be seen if someone spends just a couple minutes with you two and you guys fit the text book definition of what motivates us for forming a relationship. As â€Å"we are motivated to form relationships for many different reasons such as, pleasure, affection, inclusion, escape, relaxation, control, and health. † (Hybels, 2007) If one is motivated by pleasure, he or she might want someone to watch the same movies, listen to music, or discuss things that they have in common. If one is motivated by affection, then finding someone who will give you the â€Å"affective affirmation† that you need. Regardless of what motivates us, if we have started to develop a relationship we have to decide how much of our selves that we want to share and at what point in the relationship do we share it. Another factor that would have been considered as well would be the proximity of each other, as â€Å"proximity is the close contact that occurs when people share an experience such as at work, school, or play. † (Hybels, 2007) But seeing as you to met in college and studied the same major, your proximity was really close and you too were able to hare a lot of really neat experiences together and still continue to do so. Speaking of sharing with one another, I would like to explain self-disclosure to both of you. As â€Å"self-disclosure is a process in which one person tells another person something he or she would not reveal to just anyone. † (Hybels, 2007) Self-disclosure in not just providing someone with information about yourself. Self-disclosure is about revealing a piece of yourself that others would not normally know or learn about you over time. It involves trusting a person with your vulnerabilities when your risk sharing this information but it is also a way of gaining more information from the person you are sharing it with and you want to be able to trust each other and predict the thoughts and actions of your spouse. When one shares information like this, we are able to judge the reactions of our significant other. So once we share this information, we can learn how they think and feel on certain situations or topics that would not normally come up in normal day discussions. It is also implied that once he or she begins self-disclosure, the other will follow suit. Thus causing a mutual disclosure and deepening the trust between two people in a relationship, knowing that they except you for who you are. While self-disclosure can strengthen a relationship it can also damage it as well but it is not called the intensifying stage for nothing because a relationship can be damaged if he or she is pouring out their soul to you and you don’t like what they are hearing or if the self-disclosure comes to early in the relationship, it can be just as damaging. There are five stages that we go through when developing and strengthening a relationship, these are the â€Å"coming together† stages. The first stage is the initiating stage, which is characterized by nervousness, caution, hesitation, and a very high risk of rejection. The next stage is the experimental stage, where we seek out any common interests, experiences, and life goals. It is in this stage that you might of talked about both of your education and career goals, when you might want to start a family, and what part of the city you wanted to settle down in. The third stage is the intensity stage in which the couple begins self-disclosure in an attempt to strengthen their relationship but also make it more vulnerable to each other. If you didn’t notice, when you two first started dating, your conversations were usually on positive topics in both of your lives but as time when on and you began to trust each other and build bonds. So when both of you felt comfortable in expressing your needs, fears, and desires; your relationship was strengthened and the two of you grew closer together as a couple. I don’t really think you two had an issues with this though, as you guys seemed to attach yourselves to each other after only a month had passed bye and the beginning and continued use of your pet names for each other made all of us sick but we were extremely grateful (kidding) when both of you got that summer intern job together. You two did come back a stronger couple though, so that summer really did bring you two together more, which led you into the fourth stage. The fourth stage is the integrating stage, in which the couple begins to communicate and respond easily to each others feelings. This is the point where your personalities began merging into one and we always saw you two together. I don’t think there was a single party or gathering that both of you were there for but you two made a cute couple and it was just expected after a time. The final stage would be the bonding stage. At this point, the couple will make some sort of commitment that announces their relationship to those around them,† (Hybels, 2007) involving a lot of commitment and dedication to the relationship and to each other. Whereas you two decided to get married and finally move into that small house you both were drooling over but you do know that once you two decide to have a baby, you will have to find a bigger house. In all of the stages discussed we all have decision to make, we can either continue to move forward to the next stage, stay in the same sta ge we are in, or terminate the relationship all together. No matter what we as individuals choose to do with our lives, we need to know how to communicate effectively to that next stage and we need to know how to handle and resolve conflict in any relationship we place ourselves in. â€Å"We can do this by conflict resolution, which is negotiating to find a solution to the conflict. † (Hybels, 2007) Depending on how a conflict is resolved it can produce a positive or negative result but it also helps to take a positive approach to any conflict resolution, where discussion is considerate and on-confrontational, and the heart of the matter is on the issues and not on the individuals. If this can be completed, then, as long as people are willingly listening to each other and explore facts, issues, and possible solutions properly, conflict can often be resolved effectively. Making interpersonal communication just like any other work of life, meaning that it must be practiced and utilized regularly to be successful and we must continually analyze and study it in order to improve our ability to communicate effectively in relationships. So if you relationship is to last a long time and be a healthy and happy one, it is important to maintain a constant and consistent flow of communication with your partner (Sole, 2011). I wish the best of luck to both of you and hope your future endeavors bring you as much happiness as the last ones did. Sincerely, Aaron Stamper Reference Allis, R. (2002). Non-verbal Communication. Zeromillion. com. Retrieved from http://www. zeromillion. com/business/management/non-verbal-communication. html Hybels, S. Weaver, R. (2007). Communicating Effectively. New York: McGraw-Hill Company Inc. Preston, P. (2005). Nonverbal communication: Do you really say what you mean? Journal of Healthcare Management. Retrieved from http://proquest. umi. com. Schoenberg, N. (2011). Can we talk? researcher talks about the role of communication in marriages. Houston Chronicle. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com. Sole, K. (2011). Making Connections: Understanding Interpersonal Communication. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Retrieved from https://content. ashford. ed. How to cite Effectively Communicating in an Interpersonal Relationship, Papers Effectively Communicating in an Interpersonal Relationship Free Essays string(125) " good for a person because at times we will find ourselves attracted to people that share the same culture basis that we do\." Effectively Communicating in an Interpersonal Relationship To the newly wedded couple, It has occurred to me that our current generation seems to lack the ability to communicate effectively with in an interpersonal relationships and it is through cooperation, collaboration, and compromise that an effective flow of communication occurs. If we analyzing and studying the communication process of both sending and receiving information, we can improve our ability to communicate effectively between one another. To have a successful interpersonal relationship one must first interact with others, which is called interpersonal communication. We will write a custom essay sample on Effectively Communicating in an Interpersonal Relationship or any similar topic only for you Order Now † (Hybels, 2007) We spend most of our lives interacting with each other, with a dozen different reasons to talk to different people. We will tend to say things differently depending on who we are speaking too. So there is a lot more to communication that just putting words together and saying them out loud for the other person to hear. The ability to communicate effectively takes real skill and learning this skill never ends, even in a marriage. Being able to communicate effectively is probably one of the most important skills a person can have in a marriage, as the main cause for divorce is the lack of communication between one another. You are the only person that can say what you want your spouse to hear, so if you don’t know how to express what you want to say or explain your intentions clearly, the other one could easily take what you say and turn your own words agains you. So the best way to avoid this situation is to be assertive in how you communicate. When I say you must be assertive, I mean you must express your feelings and ideas openly, honestly, and take responsibility for your actions. It is also being willing to listen to what the other one is saying and respect them no matter how different their opinions may be from yours. You also need to be able to recognizing the emotions in one another, as it is a very important first step to building a good relationship. If one cannot feel what the other one is feeling, then you simply cannot connect with them on a personal or emotional level and that can deeply hinder one’s relationship process. Interpersonal communication is important because of the functions it achieves. Whenever we engage in communication with another person, we seek to exchange information with them, we also communicate information through a wide variety of verbal and nonverbal cues. Spoken communication has huge effects on all aspects of our life, to including interpersonal relationships, just as speaking and telling our needs and wants verbally or non-verbally is a necessity for our daily lives. Within our daily lives of both work and home, when we exchange information with our spouse, our verbal communication is organized by our language, whereas nonverbal communication is not. We spend about 75 percent of our day communicating our knowledge, thoughts, experiences, and ideas to each other. (Allis, 2002) What we don’t realize is that a lot of our communication is not made up of the oral or written form but of the nonverbal form. In communications involving two or more people, our messages are sent on two levels simultaneously and if the verbal cues are not congruent with the nonverbal cues, then the flow of communication is hindered. Correct or not, if the receiver of the communication will base the intentions of the sender on the nonverbal cues that they recieved. Most couples believe that they will communicate better because of the fact that they are in a relationship with this person and the depth of their personal knowledge and connectivity. (Schoenberg, 2011) All of this is based on the assumption that your significant other understands your intent even though your verbal and nonverbal signals are not matching up. So you two have to be cognizant of the nonverbal signals that you send to each other. Nonverbal cues can be categorized into two sections: vocal and visual. The vocal side of nonverbal communication involves timbre (quality and tone), pitch (inflection), intensity (volume), tempo (speed), rhythm, and pauses (silence). Whereas the visual side of nonverbal communication involves your eyes, face, body posture, and hand gestures. â€Å"Before a person makes an attempt to form an interpersonal relationship, they must decide what attracts them to that person. There are many factors that make up attractions to other: physical attractions, perceived gain, similarities, differences, and proximity are a few of them. (Hybels, 2007) As you too were attracted to each other from the start, it is common with most people to be attracted to each other by the way they look, some people might have certain distinct characteristics that they find more attractable then others. Tall or short, blonde or brunette hair, blue or green eyes, muscular or slender, or even freckles are many things that attract us to one another but if there is no attractions, you are going to be less likely to walk up to someone and strike up a conversation them. For example, I am covered from wrists to neck to waist with tattoos and I have found that they inhibit my ability to have a good first impression on many of the professors that I have had over the last several years of college. I didn’t notice it at first but over time I saw that I received a warmer reception and instruction from my teachers when I had long sleeves on but if I gave the instructor time to get to know me. I could slowly start to show tattoos and it would not affect how the instructor acted towards me. On the opposite side though, I have met very interesting and smart people that had just as many tattoos as I did because of the shared similarities that we had. The similarities and differences can be a major factor in determining if a relationship will be good for a person because at times we will find ourselves attracted to people that share the same culture basis that we do. You read "Effectively Communicating in an Interpersonal Relationship" in category "Essay examples" It is not a hard reach though to see why people are often attracted to people who enjoy the same things as we do but people can also be attracted to the differences in personalities. For example, people who don’t like making decisions might be attracted to a stronger decision maker. Because these characteristics complement each other, they might help strengthen the relationship. † (Hybels, 2007) So keep this in mind when you two are communicating with each other and it seems that what you are trying to send in not being received properly, as your nonverbal cues or bodily language might be sending something entirely different. As important as sending the right signals both verbally and nonverbally, effective listening is just as important in any relationship. When one listens to another, it shows that you respect them and care about what the other person is trying to communicate. There are three important types of listening and they are active, critical, and empathic. (Sole, 2011) Active listening is assertive communication that develops a sense of trust, were the person talking gets the feeling that you know what they are trying to communicate is getting to you. In doing this, you two will build a stronger bond and trust each other more in what you say and do. Critical listening is an analytical and rational process of listening, in where you analysis what is being said, process the information, and make a judgement on what was meant. After one has been in a relationship for a while the critical listening will not be needed, as empathic listening will tend to take over. Empathic listening is listening to your spouse when they have an issue or problem that they just need to talk about and know that you are there to listen. So when you empathetically listen, you set aside your own feelings and concentrate on comforting you spouse in their time of emotional need. Once you can use empathic listening in your relationship, you will be able to reflect on what is being said and respond back on the same emotional level of the person communicating but empathic listening is something that takes time in a relationship and you cannot force emotions but you can just be there for your spouse. It is obvious that you too have already made the initial approach to each other but there can be times in you relationship that you will have to make the approach again because a new or different situation has developed. So it is good to know that once we have approached someone, the next steps of forming an interpersonal relationship would be our motives for communicating. Your motives for getting married can easily be seen if someone spends just a couple minutes with you two and you guys fit the text book definition of what motivates us for forming a relationship. As â€Å"we are motivated to form relationships for many different reasons such as, pleasure, affection, inclusion, escape, relaxation, control, and health. † (Hybels, 2007) If one is motivated by pleasure, he or she might want someone to watch the same movies, listen to music, or discuss things that they have in common. If one is motivated by affection, then finding someone who will give you the â€Å"affective affirmation† that you need. Regardless of what motivates us, if we have started to develop a relationship we have to decide how much of our selves that we want to share and at what point in the relationship do we share it. Another factor that would have been considered as well would be the proximity of each other, as â€Å"proximity is the close contact that occurs when people share an experience such as at work, school, or play. † (Hybels, 2007) But seeing as you to met in college and studied the same major, your proximity was really close and you too were able to hare a lot of really neat experiences together and still continue to do so. Speaking of sharing with one another, I would like to explain self-disclosure to both of you. As â€Å"self-disclosure is a process in which one person tells another person something he or she would not reveal to just anyone. † (Hybels, 2007) Self-disclosure in not just providing someone with information about yourself. Self-disclosure is about revealing a piece of yourself that others would not normally know or learn about you over time. It involves trusting a person with your vulnerabilities when your risk sharing this information but it is also a way of gaining more information from the person you are sharing it with and you want to be able to trust each other and predict the thoughts and actions of your spouse. When one shares information like this, we are able to judge the reactions of our significant other. So once we share this information, we can learn how they think and feel on certain situations or topics that would not normally come up in normal day discussions. It is also implied that once he or she begins self-disclosure, the other will follow suit. Thus causing a mutual disclosure and deepening the trust between two people in a relationship, knowing that they except you for who you are. While self-disclosure can strengthen a relationship it can also damage it as well but it is not called the intensifying stage for nothing because a relationship can be damaged if he or she is pouring out their soul to you and you don’t like what they are hearing or if the self-disclosure comes to early in the relationship, it can be just as damaging. There are five stages that we go through when developing and strengthening a relationship, these are the â€Å"coming together† stages. The first stage is the initiating stage, which is characterized by nervousness, caution, hesitation, and a very high risk of rejection. The next stage is the experimental stage, where we seek out any common interests, experiences, and life goals. It is in this stage that you might of talked about both of your education and career goals, when you might want to start a family, and what part of the city you wanted to settle down in. The third stage is the intensity stage in which the couple begins self-disclosure in an attempt to strengthen their relationship but also make it more vulnerable to each other. If you didn’t notice, when you two first started dating, your conversations were usually on positive topics in both of your lives but as time when on and you began to trust each other and build bonds. So when both of you felt comfortable in expressing your needs, fears, and desires; your relationship was strengthened and the two of you grew closer together as a couple. I don’t really think you two had an issues with this though, as you guys seemed to attach yourselves to each other after only a month had passed bye and the beginning and continued use of your pet names for each other made all of us sick but we were extremely grateful (kidding) when both of you got that summer intern job together. You two did come back a stronger couple though, so that summer really did bring you two together more, which led you into the fourth stage. The fourth stage is the integrating stage, in which the couple begins to communicate and respond easily to each others feelings. This is the point where your personalities began merging into one and we always saw you two together. I don’t think there was a single party or gathering that both of you were there for but you two made a cute couple and it was just expected after a time. The final stage would be the bonding stage. At this point, the couple will make some sort of commitment that announces their relationship to those around them,† (Hybels, 2007) involving a lot of commitment and dedication to the relationship and to each other. Whereas you two decided to get married and finally move into that small house you both were drooling over but you do know that once you two decide to have a baby, you will have to find a bigger house. In all of the stages discussed we all have decision to make, we can either continue to move forward to the next stage, stay in the same sta ge we are in, or terminate the relationship all together. No matter what we as individuals choose to do with our lives, we need to know how to communicate effectively to that next stage and we need to know how to handle and resolve conflict in any relationship we place ourselves in. â€Å"We can do this by conflict resolution, which is negotiating to find a solution to the conflict. † (Hybels, 2007) Depending on how a conflict is resolved it can produce a positive or negative result but it also helps to take a positive approach to any conflict resolution, where discussion is considerate and on-confrontational, and the heart of the matter is on the issues and not on the individuals. If this can be completed, then, as long as people are willingly listening to each other and explore facts, issues, and possible solutions properly, conflict can often be resolved effectively. Making interpersonal communication just like any other work of life, meaning that it must be practiced and utilized regularly to be successful and we must continually analyze and study it in order to improve our ability to communicate effectively in relationships. So if you relationship is to last a long time and be a healthy and happy one, it is important to maintain a constant and consistent flow of communication with your partner (Sole, 2011). I wish the best of luck to both of you and hope your future endeavors bring you as much happiness as the last ones did. Sincerely, Aaron Stamper Reference Allis, R. (2002). Non-verbal Communication. Zeromillion. com. Retrieved from http://www. zeromillion. com/business/management/non-verbal-communication. html Hybels, S. Weaver, R. (2007). Communicating Effectively. New York: McGraw-Hill Company Inc. Preston, P. (2005). Nonverbal communication: Do you really say what you mean? Journal of Healthcare Management. Retrieved from http://proquest. umi. com. Schoenberg, N. (2011). Can we talk? researcher talks about the role of communication in marriages. Houston Chronicle. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com. Sole, K. (2011). Making Connections: Understanding Interpersonal Communication. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Retrieved from https://content. ashford. ed. How to cite Effectively Communicating in an Interpersonal Relationship, Essay examples

Business Ethics and Corporate Governance †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Business Ethics and Corporate Governance Inference. Answer: Introduction: It is very important for a company to follow the ethical decision making to maintain its position on the top just by working for the profit motive, but rather by maintaining Ethical values. Coca-Cola is the world?s largest company in providing beverages. It nearly provides more than a billion goods throughout the world. It is the world?s most valuable logo and brand. It is well known for providing its consumers a regular supply of the products without any interruption. Due to all this features the company has been successful in developing long term relations with the consumers and thus providing a huge profit to the organization. Thus all this features has helped this company in reaching this height of success. It has also given a great importance to the overall development of the society by improving both social and economic situation of the society. It has initiated various programs for the betterment of the society. It has also supported various sustainable development intension based technology that will be helpful to only the present society but even to the coming generation. It has also taken various steps to stop the wastage of water and also has taken various steps to improve its present situation. It has also helped the people by helping the local organization to maintain peace and initiating overall health betterment. Some of these examples are that the company is helping the UNAIDS and is helping in curing the AIDS/HIV epidemics that is prevailing throughout the world. (Douglas R McKay, 2015) Along with this various scholarship programs and other initiative in the education sector has helped many students of the poor areas to come forward and get successful. Thus the company has always given importance in marinating the company?s name as one of the most valuable brand by maintain loyalty and sincerity towards the customers throughout the world. For this they have got recognition and has also be awarded with various prices at international level. But despite this fame the company has also been in the news for various wrong deeds, of which Ethical discrimination is one of the major problems. The price of its stocks has remained unchanged for about a decade because the company has been charged several times for racial and other ethical discrimination with its staffs, customers, other officials, etc. (Terblanche, 2015) The major charges that created the biggest problems for the Coca-Cola company are as follows:- Belgium Crises:- In 1999 several children fell ill by consuming the company?s products. But as no much action was taken post the incident by the company that led to large scale opposition against the company. The Belgium stores owners boycotted all the Coca-Cola products that resulted to a great loss to the company. Even other countries like Luxemburg and Netherlands followed the steps of the Belgium people. (Freeman Greenwood, 2015) Racial Discrimination charges:- After the Belgium crises the problem of the company didn?t improved. In the same year the company was charged with racial discrimination allegations by the African American employees. The company was criticized for its policy for placing the African American employees at the bottom of the salary scale. Thus a huge financial loss was suffered by the company as it had to pay the compensation to the employees to solve the issue. (Bain, 2017) Other issues:- Other issues like problem with the Burger King Market Test, earning through inflationary prices, problems in distribution, etc. Along with this various scholarship programs and other initiative in the education sector has helped many students of the poor areas to come forward and get successful. Thus the company has always given importance in marinating the company?s name as one of the most valuable brand by maintain loyalty and sincerity towards the customers throughout the world. For this they have got recognition and has also be awarded with various prices at international level. But despite this fame the company has also been in the news for various wrong deeds, of which Ethical discrimination is one of the major problems. The price of its stocks has remained unchanged for about a decade because the company has been charged several times for racial and other ethical discrimination with its staffs, customers, other officials, etc. (Terblanche, 2015) Thus even after reaching the heights of the success due to several issues internally and externally the resulted in the fall of the company?s reputation. (Clarke, 2014) A brief history of the organization:- Coca-Cola is one of the most valuable company and foremost in the beverages section. It is well known for its varieties of the products. Due to its value out of the top five sold beverages of the world, four are a Coca-Cola product. These products mainly include the regular Coke, Diet Coke, Fanta and Sprite. Thus due to its regular services and plenty of stock it has developed such a relation with the consumers that they will remain intact with the company for a long term and will be benefited to the company throughout their life. The major competitor of the Coca-Cola products is the Pepsi products that also hold a large share of global beverages supply. (Goel., 2014) Thus both these companies targeted the international market and by providing the demanded goods they are running in a race to capture more market since ages. Thus firstly Coca-Cola was just an American company selling its products in all corners of the world but now it is recognized as an international company that also sells its products in America. Thus, even Coca-Cola has the same main target of maximum market capturing like all other companies. But to make this task possible it has constantly bring new ideas and ways so that other companies doesn?t affects it position. The success of Coca-Cola even after all this struggles was possible due to its unique products, its merging strategy with other international firms, its services and quality, its focus on snacks business along with beverages, etc. Thus various stats shows that out of its total earnings about 25-30% share comes from America while rest is obtained from the other companies of the world. (Rossouw, 2005) Argument:- Coca-Cola is considered as a top level company as it survived even after facing many national and international issues that affected the company financially, morally, socially and ethically. But one question that arises in the mind is that despite being the top firm why such low level of acts was done by the company. It is a known fact that about 3/4th of the company?s sales is in the other countries. Many developing company has a large share in the company?s sales. So discrimination on the bases of race, skin color, earning profit by manipulating with the price and quality, cheating with its distributors, manipulation in the earnings, etc. should not have taken place. Thus you should not cheat with the ones on whom you are dependent for the earnings. The more you take care of them the more they will take care of yourselves. (Rossouw G. (., 2015) Oppositions Argument or Position:- As a company, it has not always been in a clean image and had gone through a lot of ups and down. When we come across the history it carries till date, we witness a series of incidents like the racial discrimination cases; it was accused of, the problems with whistle blowers sharing the incidents of how a frozen coke took a demised turn for a kid due to toxins of stale contents etc. There isn?t much to be done by the competitors here as they have been a witness to all the possible cases wherein it not only shows the series of cases of customer dissatisfaction, chances of how many times it has been sued by the customers, multiple layers of agitations files against the company, channel stuffing and inflated profits due to retail investors making a high margin are just another incidents witnesses by the competitors. (Eastern Michigan University, 2015) There are a series of observations wherein it even had trouble with the distributors, unions of the employees and retail and whole sale sector, problems with the trade secrets unions of coco-cola, there are enumerate examples wherein the ethical compliances of the company were kept stake and still it could not recover the same. The position of the company in the market is in a swing of controversies, series of cases, indemnity cases, health files, union issues reimbursement, customer dissatisfaction, and these are not minor problems for the company and have taken lot more than the reputation and clientele it carried before few years and the same as on date. As on date, it is trying to o reduce their ethical cases to negligible and to focus on reaching across the globe. What all we witnessed, are all problems that could be amended and while we gave instances of how they could have handled the problem differently and how efficiently they are trying to come up with a solution altogether. It is trying to amend the issues it had witnessed till now and come up with a clearer image with the unions, trade committees, sales, retail and wholesale sector, distribution channels etc. (Governance, 2016) Ethical decision making approaches and theories relied upon While coming across the issues wherein it is stuck as on date, the areas which we tried to come across and resolve are with the manner it dealt with the unions, trade committees, sales, retail and wholesale sector, distribution channels etc. shall be in a systematic and better manner, it should have a process flow which only defines how effective the same shall be handled but also signifies that the process should be transparent, have a decentralization which would specify that who is responsible for what and what will be the accountability of the same and how much responsible the SPOC will be for each line item. (Salehi, 2012) This will give a broader image and set up an ethical process as a whole which will not only signify how much compliances the company is able to comply with but also that the same shall be strived for sustaining in the long run as well. These practices shall target that the clientele shall be continued with and able to capture more market with the help of its objectives, whether they are in line with the industry ones and gradually there should be a bridge between the decided objectives and achieved ones. (Libraries, 2015) Summary/Conclusion:Coca-Cola is one of the most valuable companies of the world. So it should not neglect these above mentioned ethical issues as the impact of these issues is can be responsible for the future fall of the organization. This in the practice of becoming the top company of the world ethical principles should not be forgotten. Because forgetting these ethical principles can affect the reputation of the company and also the trust of the global consumers in the company. (Springer, Journal Of Business Ethics) Thus Coca-Cola has reached this height of success just by the support of the consumers. So valuing them along with their employees who has helped the company to maintain this large scale business will lead the company to the greater heights. For this the above mentioned ethical and other issues should be solved as soon as possible by implementing the ways that will bring the organization out these problems. Because if quick solutions are not brought for these issues than the fall of even such a big global firm is confirmed as one can sustain in the till it has long term consumers, once this support is lost the company can be replaced by its alternatives (Larcker, 2016) Bibliography Bain, D. S. (2017). Journal of Academic Buisness Ethics. Journal of Academic Legal Issues, 1-1. Clarke, T. (2014). Ethics, Values and Corporate Governance. Open Mind, 1-1. Douglas R McKay. (2015). Corporate governance and business ethics. PMC Libaries , 271-272. Eastern Michigan University. (2015). Research Guided, 1-1. Ethics, M. C. (2017). Corporate Governance. Sata Clara University, 1-1. Freeman, Greenwood, M. (2015). Ethics Corporate. Journal Of Business Etics, 1-1. Goel., M. (2014). Business Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility ? Is there a Dividing Line. Elsevier, 49-59. Governance, A. C. (2016). The Corruption Index 2013: . Applied Corp Governance, 1-1. Larcker, P. C. (2016). Causal Inference in Accounting Research. Journal of Accounting Reseach, 477-523. Libraries, U. M. (2015). Business Ethics: An Undergraduate Research Guide : . UW Madison Earliers, 1-1. Rossouw, G. (. (2015). Business ethics and corporate governance in he Second King Report: Farsighted or futile? . Departmemt of Philosphy, 1-1. Rossouw, G. J. (2005). Business Ethics and Corporate Governance in Africa. Sage Journals, 1-1. Salehi, M. (2012). Business Ethics. International Journal of Scientif Research Institute, 1-5. Springer. (Journal Of Business Ethics). Special Issue: on Responsible Business in Social Media. Springer, 1-1. Terblanche, N. S. (2015). Corporate governance and business ethics: Pictures of the policies. Research Gate, 1-1. Business Ethics and Corporate Governance – MyAssignmenthelp.com Question: Discuss about the Business Ethics and Corporate Governance Challenges. Answer: Introduction: The scientific research demands the researcher to use the quantitative approach. Additionally, the researcher will conduct interviews and offer the questionnaire to 50 individuals within Maharashtra in Mumbai state in the view of assessing or rather evaluating the corporate governance of the Indiana company reliance commonly referred to as Reliance Industries Limited. This evaluation and collection of data will be done in accordance to the ethical structures that have been formulated to see that the whole activity is a success and is conducted without any form of bias whatsoever (Pandit, 2016). The researcher will go to different organization in the bid of collecting requisite data from different personalities. Practically, the researcher has to put into consideration other individual by allowing different personalities within the organization participate in the auspicious research so as to get clear analysis of data and representation in their work (Zimmerli, Richter, Holzinger, 20 07). This therefore manes that the researcher will use all appropriate tools to collect data in very explicit manner so as to aid them in their analytical work upon collection of the said data. Notably, the conclusions will be made basing their results on the collected data. Similarly, the summation of the collected information will be realized through the use of both Ms Excel and SPSS. It is ideal to state that corporate governance implies the regulation, practices, strategies and rules that is primarily aimed at making the organization dispense their services well. This is majorly aimed at controlling the business effectively in order to meet the set objectives in the market. Therefore, corporate governance is aimed at balancing the interests of the company and that of other stakeholders in the. organization (Vallabhaneni, Association of Professionals in Business Management, 2008). It further provides some of the measures that ought to be adopted by the organization in order to realize its objectives in the business. A total of 39 employees were interviewed from different departments so as to collect important information from those departments and how they carry out their activities in those areas. Similarly, a total of 9 departmental heads were, also interviewed in the same and lastly 2 managers. This data is a clear representation of all the segments within the organization. Analysis of the Corporate Governance The report from the Centre for International Corporate Governance Research., Victoria Graduate School of Business (2006) indicate that the board of directors do influence the corporate governance in an organization since they are the major stakeholder. For this reason, their decision may in one way or another affect the functionality of the venture if it is not well informed. Therefore, it is always prudent for the board of the directors to always deliberate well before coming up with the conclusively decisions so as to allow the firm to continue operating effectively. It is common knowledge that bad governance would result to great loss and thereby poor performance of the organization. This is evident where the Management fails to fully cooperate with the auditor during the auditing process. It has been observed that at times the auditor is provided with inadequate information to carry out their duty effectively. The current chair and the Managing According to Simpson andTaylor (2013) Director of RIL is Ambani Mukesh who has seen the organization realize a lot of success through his constant consultation with the other stakeholders. It is important to state that the firm has really grown in the recent time. This is attributed by the god performance at Forex report which clearly shows the stability and good performance of the firm amid stiff competition posed by other investors in the same line of business (Keinert, 2016). The National Stock Exchange of India Limited showed a substantial improvement of the firm in its operations. It was explicitly clear that approximately 3.46 per cent of its overall shares are captured in on Luxembourg Stock Exchange (Klein, 2016). This is a clear indication of its good performance in the market. There are major subsidiaries and associates of this firm namely; reliance retail, reliance institute of life science and many other firm working closely with the other firm. From the interviews or interrogation with the employees, it was clearly evident that the Management does hear the plight of its employees and puts it into considerations due to their noble role in the organization. 17 out of the total 39 employees who were interviewed stated clearly that they are well motivated in the organization and they would prefer to continue dispensing their services in the venture. The dependent variables sourced from these cases are gifts, incentives, remuneration, and appraisals (Murthy, 2009). The major dependent variable in this case is the motivation which comes in different forms. This shows that, failure to satisfy the above needs, the effort put in place suffers extinction. Therefore, it can have stated that DV has to entirely depend on the Independent variable for it to function effectively (Adelopo, 2016). The good cordial relation in the organization he correlation of the motivation to workability is always a crucial, component that the governance o ught to critically look into so as to improve on the workability of the business in the long run. 22 other employees were not fully contented with the services since they purport that they have never been promoted from their position for a very long period of time and thereby they find this as something that is devastating. This makes most of them opt for greener pastures elsewhere. It is ideal to state that best governance is commensurate to good Management (Martin, 2006). When the manager is able to explain the underlying matter at hand to its staff it may be in a position to understand their situation and cooperate towards the productivity of the organization. Corporate Governance issues About the issue of governance processes, it was found out that the leadership at time is very harsh to its employees making some of them not ready to disclose their issues to the managerial team (Howell Sorour, 2016). Most of the staff that there is some level of variability in leadership applied in the organization and thereby unpredictable to determine the outcome of the leader in case of any query in the premise. Approximately two thirds of the interviewed employees preferred democratic type of leadership since they can be able to air out their challenges effectively to the management without fear of victimization unlike when the leadership being administered is the dictatorial one. Some of the interviewed employees greatly commended their departmental heads for their effort they are putting in place and that spirit of encouraging the employees to continue working as a team (Rezaee, 2009). They are viewed as the team leader since they fully support or advocate for team work. From the collected data it was simple for the researcher to determine the type of leaders using the Blakes managerial grid which characterizes different types of leaders in various categories due to the attributes they possess. Notably, the two managers who were interviewed on the other hand stated that they have been able to move a long way with their employees in a very good manner. However, they noted some of the challenges that they do undergo as an institution since every institution does undergo some level of challenges on their daily basis (Sison, 2008). They further stated they have put some mechanism to see to it that the corporate governance is effective and very accommodative to take into consideration divergent views from different levels of people. Conclusion It can be concluded that the type of governance solely determines the functionality of the organization. Best corporate governance realizes good results for the organization. Moreover. It makes sure that the set objectives of the business are met in a very explicit manner. This also creates conducive environment for the both the employees and the senior manager to dispense their services effectively for the good of the venture and thereby realizing some form of good production for the organization. The pressures or negative forces in the company come as a result of failure in the part of corporate governance which results to entropy in the whole system. Good governance ensures that the good strategies are formulated in the view of bettering the whole system for efficacy purposes. References Adelopo, I. (2016).Auditor independence: Auditing, corporate governance and market confidence. London: Routledge. Centre for International Corporate Governance Research., Victoria Graduate School of Business. (2006).Journal of business systems, governance and ethics. Melbourne: Victoria University. Howell, K. E., In Sorour, M. K. (2016).Corporate governance in Africa: Assessing implementation and ethical perspectives. Keinert, C. (2016).Corporate social responsibility and discrimination: Gender bias in personnel selection. Klein, E. (2016).Corporate governance: Principles, practices and challenges. Martin, D. M. (2006).Corporate governance: Practical guidance on accountability requirements. London: Thorogood. Murthy, C. S. V. (2009).Business ethics and corporate governance. Mumbai: Himalaya Pub. House. Pandit, V. (2016).Ethics, economics and social institutions. Rezaee, Z. (2009).Corporate governance and ethics. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons. Simpson, J., Taylor, J. R. (2013).Corporate governance, ethics, and CSR. London: Kogan Page. Sison, A. G. (2008).Corporate governance and ethics: An Aristotelian perspective. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar. Vallabhaneni, S. R., Association of Professionals in Business Management. (2008).Corporate management, governance, and ethics best practices. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley. Zimmerli, W. C., Richter, K., Holzinger, M. (2007).Corporate ethics and corporate governance. (Springer e-books.) Berlin: Springer.